薬物の害や潜在的な乱用を評価するための合理的なスケールの開発
David Nutt1, Leslie A King, William Saulsbury
1Psychopharmacology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. david.j.nutt@bristol.ac.uk
Lancet (London, England)
|March 27, 2007
まとめ
この研究は,Delphiの専門家手順を使用して,薬物による害をランク付けするための新しい,透明な方法を導入しています. この調査結果は,現在の規制システムと比較して大きな違いを明らかにし,薬物有害性評価により信頼性の高いアプローチを提供している.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 薬理学 薬理学とは
- リスク評価 リスク評価
背景:
- 薬物乱用と薬物乱用は,世界的な健康上の重要な課題を代表しています.
- 現在の薬物分類システムは,方法論の透明性が欠け,正確性と公衆衛生教育に影響を及ぼしています.
- 薬物による害を評価するために,証拠に基づいた,体系的な枠組みが必要である.
研究 の 目的:
- 専門家によるデルフィープロセスを用いて,9つのカテゴリーのダメージマトリックスを開発し,その可行性を評価する.
- 様々な違法薬物および合法薬物による害を評価するための証拠に基づいた方法を提供すること.
- 結果として得られた薬物有害性ランキングを,既存の規制システムと比較する.
主な方法:
- 9つのカテゴリーのダメージマトリックスが開発されました.
- 薬物による害を評価するために,エキスパートのデルフィー手順が採用されました.
- この方法論は,様々な違法薬物と5種類の違法薬物 (アルコール,カート,溶媒,アルキルニトリート,タバコ) とケタミンに適用された.
主要な成果:
- デルフィ手順は実行可能であることが証明され,2つの専門家グループ間の一貫した害のスコアとランキングが得られました.
- この新しい方法から得られた害の順位は,現在の規制システムでのものと大きく異なっていた.
- この研究は,エビデンスに基づく薬物有害性評価への実行可能で体系的なアプローチを示しています.
結論:
- 開発された方法論は,薬物による害を評価するための透明で体系的な枠組みを提供します.
- このアプローチは,規制機関によって,現在および新興の薬物乱用を評価するために利用できます.
- この結果は,経験的有害性データに基づく既存の薬物分類システムを再評価する必要性を示唆しています.
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