開発途上国の医療従事者とワクチン接種率:エコノメトリック分析
Sudhir Anand1, Till Bärnighausen2
1University of Oxford, Department of Economics, Oxford, UK; Harvard University, Global Equity Initiative, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|April 17, 2007
まとめ
看護師の密度が高いことが,開発途上国における小児ワクチン接種率を大幅に改善し,医療従事者がワクチンの利用に不可欠であることを示しています. 国民所得は予防接種率に影響を与えなかった.
科学分野:
- グローバル・ヘルス グローバル・ヘルス
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 医療サービス 研究 医療サービス
背景:
- ワクチン接種で予防可能な疾患は,開発途上国で年間100万人以上の子供の死亡の原因となっています.
- 健康のための人材はワクチン接種に不可欠ですが,人口レベルでの影響は十分に研究されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- 開発途上国における医療従事者密度と小児ワクチン接種率との関連を調査する.
主な方法:
- 複数の国間回帰分析が行われました.
- 依存変数には,麻疹を含むワクチン (MCV),ディフテリア・テタヌス・ペルツーシス (DTP3),ポリオ (ポリオ3) の接種率が含まれていた.
- 独立した変数は,医療従事者の総密度と,医師と看護師の密度を別々に,収入,識字率,土地面積をコントロールした.
主要な成果:
- 医療従事者の総密度は,3つのワクチンの接種率と正の相関関係にある.
- 看護師の密度は,MCV,DTP3,ポリオ3の感染率と有意な正の関連性を示した.
- 医者の密度はワクチン接種率と有意に関連していなかったが,女性の成人識字率が高く,土地面積が小さいこともワクチン接種率の増加と関連していた.
結論:
- 看護師の密度の増加は,ワクチン接種サービスの可用性を高め,子供の免疫率を改善します.
- 国民所得はワクチン接種率の決定要因ではない.
- 医療従事者,特に看護師の可用性は,開発途上国のワクチン接種率に影響を与える重要な要因です.
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