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関連する概念動画

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
Small interfering RNAs (siRNA)02:30

Small interfering RNAs (siRNA)

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...

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Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Characterization of Functionally Associated miRNAs in Glioblastoma and their Engineering into Artificial Clusters for Gene Therapy
09:40

Characterization of Functionally Associated miRNAs in Glioblastoma and their Engineering into Artificial Clusters for Gene Therapy

Published on: October 4, 2019

発達的に調節されたpiRNAクラスターは,トランポゾン制御にMILIを関与させる.

Alexei A Aravin1, Ravi Sachidanandam, Angelique Girard

  • 1Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 21, 2007
PubMed
まとめ

哺乳類のPIWIタンパク質,MIWIとMILIは,piRNAを介してトランポソンを抑制する. ミリ変異体はLINE-1元素の減退とDNAメチル化の喪失を示しており,PIWIタンパク質を確認しています.

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A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells
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A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 16, 2022

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Characterization of Functionally Associated miRNAs in Glioblastoma and their Engineering into Artificial Clusters for Gene Therapy
09:40

Characterization of Functionally Associated miRNAs in Glioblastoma and their Engineering into Artificial Clusters for Gene Therapy

Published on: October 4, 2019

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation
06:16

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A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells
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科学分野:

  • ゲノミクスと分子生物学
  • エピジェネティクスとトランポゾン規制

背景:

  • 哺乳類のゲノムの約50%は,トランポゾンを含む繰り返し配列で構成されています.
  • Piwiタンパク質は,ドロソフィラのトランポゾンを制御することが知られているが,哺乳類におけるその役割は,繰り返し配列が欠けているpiRNAsのために不明である.

研究 の 目的:

  • 哺乳類のPiwiタンパク質 (MIWIとMILI) がトランポゾン抑制における役割を調査する.
  • マウスにおけるトランポゾン制御のためのPiwiタンパク質をプログラムする小さなRNAを特定するために.

主な方法:

  • ミュアンの小RNAのバイオ情報分析により,piRNAの位置を特定する.
  • ドロソフィラのトランポゾン制御要素との類似性について,piRNAロシの特徴化.
  • トランポゾン減圧とDNAメチル化変化のためのミリ変異マウスの分析.

主要な成果:

  • マウスの発達的に調節されたpiRNAロシオの発見,一部はドロソフィラトランポゾンマスターコントロールロシオに似ている.
  • piRNA 5'端形成におけるMILIを含む適応増幅ループの証拠.
  • ミリミュータントはLINE-1と内側A粒子要素の減圧を示し,L1DNAメチル化が失われる.

結論:

  • 哺乳類のPIWIタンパク質,特にMILIは,トランポゾン抑制に重要な役割を果たします.
  • 哺乳類では,PIWI媒介によるトランポゾン制御の進化的に保存されたメカニズムが存在する.
  • この発見は,ゲノムの安定性を維持する上で,piRNAsとPIWIタンパク質の重要性を強調しています.