エンドサイトーシスは,皮質の極性を調節する膜タンパク質のダイナミックな局所化を最適化します
Eugenio Marco1, Roland Wedlich-Soldner, Rong Li
1Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Cell
|April 24, 2007
まとめ
細胞の極性は,タンパク質の輸送と拡散のバランスを取ることに依存しています. この研究は,拡散,誘導輸送,エンドサイトーシスの組み合わせが,芽生えた酵母における偏光膜タンパク質の分布を正確に記述していることを示しています.
科学分野:
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- バイオフィジックス 生物物理学
- 数学生物学数学生物学について
背景:
- 細胞の機能は精密に組織された膜タンパク質に依存しています.
- ダイナミックな皮質の極性を維持することは極めて重要ですが,完全に理解されていません.
- 既存のモデルは,極性ダイナミクスの定量的な記述を欠いている.
研究 の 目的:
- ダイナミックに偏った膜タンパク質分布の数学モデルを開発する.
- 皮質の極性を支配する主要な輸送および拡散原理を特定する.
- モデルシステムとして芽生える酵母における極性を定量的に分析する.
主な方法:
- タンパク質分布形態学の数学モデルの構築.
- 単細胞実験からモデルパラメータを測定するための分析方法の開発.
- このモデルを活性化されたCdc42.4を発現する芽生えた酵母細胞に適用する.
主要な成果:
- 拡散,誘導輸送,エンドサイトーシスのバランスは,極化形態論を十分に説明します.
- このモデルは,エンドサイトーシス率に基づいて,極化した領域を定義する際に,ほぼ最適の精度を予測します.
- 誘導輸送と極性との間のポジティブなフィードバックは,細胞組織を動的に安定させます.
結論:
- 拡散,輸送,エンドサイトーシスを含むダイナミックなプロセスは,皮質の極性にとって鍵となるものです.
- 生物学的なシステムは,ダイナミックな調節を通じて,極性領域の高度な精度を達成することができます.
- この研究は,細胞の極性の生体物理的根拠を理解するための枠組みを提供します.
さらに関連する動画
14:28Utilizing Combined Methodologies to Define the Role of Plasma Membrane Delivery During Axon Branching and Neuronal Morphogenesis
Published on: March 16, 2016
10:02Applications of pHluorin for Quantitative, Kinetic and High-throughput Analysis of Endocytosis in Budding Yeast
Published on: October 23, 2016
関連する概念動画
01:45Overview of Protein Sorting and Transport
Eukaryotic cells have different membrane-bound organelles with distinct protein requirements. The process by which proteins are targeted to a specific organelle is called protein sorting.
Protein sorting can be of two types: signal-based sorting and vesicle-based trafficking. In signal-based sorting, specific amino acid sequences called sorting signals target proteins to the proper location inside the cell either via gated transport or by protein translocation. In gated transport, folded...
Protein sorting can be of two types: signal-based sorting and vesicle-based trafficking. In signal-based sorting, specific amino acid sequences called sorting signals target proteins to the proper location inside the cell either via gated transport or by protein translocation. In gated transport, folded...
01:16Cell Motility through Blebbing
Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
Blebbing Through the Matrix
In multicellular...
Blebbing Through the Matrix
In multicellular...
01:21Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins
Cell polarity is the asymmetric distribution of cellular and membrane components, making one side of the cell different from the other. This polarity is essential to many processes such as embryogenesis, axon migration, glucose transport across epithelial cells, and directional cell migration. A migrating cell responds to intracellular or extracellular signals via molecular cascades that reorganize the actin cytoskeleton to establish this polarity. In these cells, the Rho family proteins Cdc42,...
01:32Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration
A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker proteins that...
01:19Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters
Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
00:59Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation
Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
Another mechanism for membrane domain formation involves membrane proteins interacting with cytoskeletal...
Another mechanism for membrane domain formation involves membrane proteins interacting with cytoskeletal...