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スウィフトが翼の変形で滑り方を制御する方法
D Lentink1, U K Müller, E J Stamhuis
1Experimental Zoology Group, Wageningen University, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands. david.lentink@wur.nl
Nature
|April 27, 2007
まとめ
鳥は翼の形を変えて,速度と機敏さのためにスイープを調整します. 伸ばした翼は飛行やターンを遅らせるのに役立っており,横たわった翼は高速で優れているため,滑翔効率と飛行制御を最適化しています.
科学分野:
- 鳥類のバイオメカニクス
- エアロダイナミクス エアロダイナミクス
- フライトダイナミクス 飛行ダイナミクス
背景:
- 鳥は,翼の形状と大きさを動的に変えて,空気力学性能を最適化します.
- 分析モデルの予測では,鳥は,滑翔速度に基づいて翼の横断を調整し,これは空気力学理論から派生しています.
研究 の 目的:
- スイフトウイングの空気力学および構造性能を調査する.
- 経験的なスイフトウィングデータに基づいた半経験的グライドモデルを開発する.
- 翼のスイープが滑翔速度,回転率,飛行効率にどのように影響するかを判断する.
主な方法:
- スイフトウイングの空気力学および構造性能の風車トンネル測定.
- 経験的データを組み込んだ半経験的滑翔モデルの開発.
- 行動範囲内外における翼変形効果の分析.
主要な成果:
- 翼のスイープは,滑翔速度と回転速度に大きな影響を与えます;最適なスイープは,シンク速度を半減したり,回転速度を3倍にすることができます.
- 伸びた翼は,ゆっくりと滑り,回転する際に有利であり,横ばい翼は,速く滑り,回転する際に優れている.
- スウィートウィングは高速回転時に持ち上げの発生を減らすが,より大きな負荷に耐えることができる;グライドモデルは,コスト効率の高い8-10m/sの滑り方を予測する.
結論:
- 翼の変形により,鳥は翼の性能を,効率的な滑翔や機敏な操縦など,特定の飛行作業に合わせて調整することができます.
- この研究は,スウィフトが寝る時に低い飛行速度 (8〜10m/s) を維持し,費用対効果の高い滑翔予測と整合する理由を説明しています.
- 鳥の翼の変形を理解することは,適応飛行能力を備えた将来の航空機の設計に情報を与えることができます.
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