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Atomic Structure01:33

Atomic Structure

Overview
Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together in the...
Electronic Structure of Atoms02:28

Electronic Structure of Atoms


An atom comprises protons and neutrons, which are contained inside the dense, central core called the nucleus, with electrons present around the nucleus. Taking into account the wave–particle duality of electrons and the uncertainty in position around the nucleus, quantum mechanics provides a more accurate model for the atomic structure. It describes atomic orbitals as the regions around the nucleus where electrons of discrete energy exist, characterized by four quantum numbers:  n, l, ml, and...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
Atomic Structure01:17

Atomic Structure

The Greek philosopher Democritus proposed that everything on Earth is made up of tiny particles called atomos, Greek for "indivisible," from which the modern term "atom" is derived. In the 19th century, John Dalton proposed the atomic theory that is still largely correct today. He put forth five postulates to explain how atoms made up the world around us. (1) All matter is composed of infinitely small particles or atoms. (2) All atoms of a given element are identical to one another and (3) are...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 8, 2026

Structure and Coordination Determination of Peptide-metal Complexes Using 1D and 2D 1H NMR
14:44

Structure and Coordination Determination of Peptide-metal Complexes Using 1D and 2D 1H NMR

Published on: December 16, 2013

ナノスケールでの原子構造の決定の問題.

Simon J L Billinge1, Igor Levin

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. billinge@pa.msu.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 28, 2007
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

ナノスケール材料の原子構造を決定することは,現在の方法の限界のために困難です. 理論と実験を組み合わせた新しい"複合モデリング"アプローチが,これらの複雑な機能材料のために提案されています.

さらに関連する動画

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
14:55

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Published on: September 17, 2017

Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations
13:56

Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations

Published on: October 12, 2019

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Structure and Coordination Determination of Peptide-metal Complexes Using 1D and 2D 1H NMR
14:44

Structure and Coordination Determination of Peptide-metal Complexes Using 1D and 2D 1H NMR

Published on: December 16, 2013

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
14:55

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Published on: September 17, 2017

Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations
13:56

Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations

Published on: October 12, 2019

科学分野:

  • 材料科学 材料科学とは
  • ナノテクノロジー ナノテクノロジー
  • 構造分析 構造分析とは

背景:

  • 新興の複雑な機能的材料は,主にナノスケールで原子の秩序を示す.
  • 既存の結晶学的方法は,これらのナノ構造材料の原子構造を決定するのに不十分です.
  • 新しい,広く適用可能な,定量的な,そして堅牢なナノスケール構造決定方法が不可欠です.

研究 の 目的:

  • ナノ構造材料の様々なクラスについて概要を述べる.
  • ナノ構造材料の構造を研究するための現在の方法を見直す.
  • ナノスケール構造の決定のための新しいパラダイムを提案する.

主な方法:

  • ナノ構造材料とその特徴付け技術に関する既存の文献のレビュー.
  • ナノスケールでの現在の構造分析方法の限界の分析.
  • 概念的フレームワークの開発
  • 複雑なモデリングを行う.
  • パラダイム パラダイム.

主要な成果:

  • ナノスケール原子構造の決定における主要な課題の特定.
  • ナノ構造分析のための現在の,限られた技術についての概要.
  • 理論と実験を組み合わせた統合コンピューティング・フレームワークの提案.

結論:

  • 現在の方法では,ナノスケール材料の原子構造を適切に解明することができません.
  • 材料科学,物理学,化学,コンピュータ科学,応用数学を含む多学問的なアプローチは不可欠です.
  • 理論と実験を自己一貫した計算フレームワークに統合した"複合モデリング"パラダイムは,ナノスケール構造の決定のための有望な解決策を提供します.