ヒストンH3K4脱メチラーゼSMCXは,RESTの標的遺伝子をX関連性精神障害とリンクする
Mamta Tahiliani1, Pinchao Mei, Rui Fang
1Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and BCMP, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Nature
|May 1, 2007
まとめ
JARID1C/SMCXは,H3K4トリメチル化を取り除き,転写抑制剤として作用する. その喪失は神経細胞の遺伝子調節を阻害し,X関連精神障害を引き起こす可能性があります.
科学分野:
- エピジェネティクス エピジェネティクス
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
背景:
- 遺伝子転写は,クロマチンの構造とヒストンの尾の修正によって調節されます.
- ヒストンのメチル化は,ヒストンのメチルトランスフェラーゼとデメチラーゼによって動的に制御されます.
研究 の 目的:
- X関連精神障害とに関連したタンパク質であるJARID1C/SMCXの機能を調査する.
- 遺伝子転写とクロマチンの調節におけるJARID1C/SMCXの役割を決定する.
主な方法:
- HeLa細胞からSMCX複合体の生化学的分離.
- クロマチン免疫降水 (ChIP) は,遺伝子プロモーターのタンパク質占有率を評価する.
- SMCXを枯渇させ,遺伝子発現の変化を分析するためにRNA干渉 (RNAi).
主要な成果:
- JARID1C/SMCXはH3K4トリデメチラーゼの活性を示し,転写抑制剤として機能する.
- SMCXはヒストン脱エチラゼ (HDAC1,HDAC2),G9a,REST) と複合体を形成する.
- SMCXとRESTは,RESTの標的遺伝子のニューロン制限性静止要素に共局所する.
- SMCXの枯渇は,REST標的遺伝子の減圧につながり,特定のニューロン遺伝子プロモーター (SCN2A,SYN1) でH3K4トリメチル化が増加します.
結論:
- JARID1C/SMCXは,染色体ダイナミクスとREST媒介の転写抑制において重要な役割を果たしています.
- SMCX活動の喪失は神経細胞の遺伝子調節を妨害し,X関連精神遅滞に寄与します.
- SMCXは,神経細胞遺伝子の表遺伝的調節に関与するH3K4トリデメチラーゼとして機能します.
関連する概念動画
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Epigenetic Regulation
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
X-chromosome...
Heterochromatin
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Euchromatin
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...


