ユカリオットのリボスイッチによる代替RNAスプライシングと遺伝子発現の制御
Ming T Cheah1, Andreas Wachter, Narasimhan Sudarsan
1Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
Nature
|May 1, 2007
まとめ
ユカリオット細胞は,遺伝子発現を制御するために,リボスイッチと呼ばれる代謝産物結合RNAを使用します. 菌類では,チアミンピロホスファート (TPP) リボスイッチがメッセンジャーRNAのスプライシングを調節し,TPPの代謝に影響を与えます.
科学分野:
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
- ユーカリオットの遺伝子規制
背景:
- 細菌はリボスイッチを使用して代謝物を感知し,主に転写終了または翻訳開始を通じて遺伝子発現を調節します.
- ティアミンピロホスファート (TPP) リボスイッチは,ビタミンB1の誘導体に反応し,バクテリアで広く存在し,エウカリウトのRNA処理を制御すると予測されています.
- ユカリオットTPPリボスイッチは,メッセンジャーRNA (mRNA) のスプライシングまたは処理に影響を及ぼすと仮定されています.
研究 の 目的:
- 糸状キノコのニューロスペーラ・クラサ (Neurospora crassa) のTPPリボスイッチの機能を調査する.
- TPPリボスイッチが,真核生物におけるmRNAスプライシングレベルでの遺伝子発現をどのように調節するかを決定する.
- TPP代謝におけるリボスイッチ媒介の代替スプライシング制御のメカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- 3つのTPPリボスイッチの分析 ニューロスポラ・クラッサ.
- 遺伝子発現の調節に関する実験的調査.
- リボスイッチ媒介による塩基配列の変化と,NMT1前駆体mRNAの代替スプライシングの詳細なメカニズム研究.
主要な成果:
- 1つのTPPリボスイッチは遺伝子発現を活性化し,2つはそれを抑制し,すべてmRNAスプレイスングを制御することで発見されました.
- 先駆者NMT1mRNAsの特定のメカニズムが解明され,代替スプライシングに対するリボスイッチ制御が実証されました.
- これらの発見は,スプライシング調節によるTPP代謝に関与する遺伝子を調節するTPPリボスイッチの役割を強調しています.
結論:
- ユカリオット細胞は,RNAのスプライシングを調節するために,代謝物質を感知するRNA (リボスイッチ) を使用します.
- TPPリボスイッチは,代替 mRNA スプライシングを調節することによって,真菌の遺伝子発現を制御します.
- このメカニズムは,TPP代謝などの重要な生化学的プロセスを,真核生物で調節するために極めて重要です.
関連する概念動画
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps
20.2K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
20.2K
Riboswitches
8.0K
Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
8.0K
Experimental RNAi
6.5K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
6.5K
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming
1.3K
Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
1.3K
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming
1.4K
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
1.4K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps
1.4K
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
1.4K


