キンバーライトの上昇と噴火の統合モデル
Lionel Wilson1, James W Head Iii
1Environmental Science Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
Nature
|May 4, 2007
まとめ
新しいモデルは,キンベルライトの噴火がダイヤモンドを含むダイアトリムを形成する方法を説明しています. このプロセスは,ダイクの急速な上昇,CO2ガスの放出,および流体化を含み,約1時間で完了します.
科学分野:
- 地質学 地質学 地質学
- 火山学 火山学とは
- ミネラロジーは,鉱物学です.
背景:
- ダイアトリームは,深層のマグマティックキンベルライトの侵入の上部を表す,胡卜状の地質学的形成です.
- これらの特徴は,ダイヤモンドの主要な地上の源として重要である.
- 既存のモデルは,キンベルライトとダイアトリームの複雑で時には矛盾する特性を説明するのに苦労しています.
研究 の 目的:
- キンバーライトの上昇と噴火に関する新しいモデルを提示する.
- キンバーライトとダイアトレームの形成を推進する不安定なプロセスを解明する.
- キンベルライトとダイアトレームの特徴の矛盾を解決する.
主な方法:
- この研究は,流体力学と地質学的過程に基づいた新しい概念モデルを提案しています.
- それはダイク開始,拡散,および表面相互作用の段階を分析します.
- このモデルは,深層マントルのCO2豊富な液体とマグマチスファムの役割を考慮しています.
主要な成果:
- キンバーライトダイクの開始には,CO2が豊富な深いマントルの源から急速な上昇が含まれます.
- 表面破裂は圧縮波を誘発し,堤防壁の崩壊とマグマの断片化を引き起こします.
- 流化波とマグマの急速な冷却により,1時間以内にダイアトレーム構造が形成されます.
結論:
- 提案されたモデルは,キンベルライト噴火の急速で不安定な性質を説明しています.
- ダイナミックなプロセスを通してキンバーライトとダイアトレームの特徴の矛盾を解決します.
- このモデルは,二酸化炭素の溶解と流化がダイアトレーム形成における重要な役割を強調しています.
関連する概念動画
MAPK Signaling Cascades
7.3K
Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
7.3K
Isothermal Processes
3.8K
A thermodynamic process that occurs at constant temperature is called an isothermal process. Heat slowly flows into the system or out of the system to maintain thermal equilibrium. Processes involving phase changes like water evaporation into steam or freezing water into ice at a constant temperature are examples of Isothermal Processes.
An ideal gas can also undergo isothermal expansion or compression.
For example, consider 1 mole of an ideal gas inside an isolated cylinder at initial volume V...
An ideal gas can also undergo isothermal expansion or compression.
For example, consider 1 mole of an ideal gas inside an isolated cylinder at initial volume V...
3.8K
Impact: Problem Solving
619
In an experiment conducted during a Mars mission, a rover propels a projectile with an initial velocity, and the projectile rebounds after colliding with the Martian surface. To ascertain the maximum height attained by the projectile after this collision, the known restitution coefficient and acceleration due to gravity are employed.
By designating the launch point as the origin and utilizing kinematic equations, the vertical component of the projectile's velocity at the point of impact is...
By designating the launch point as the origin and utilizing kinematic equations, the vertical component of the projectile's velocity at the point of impact is...
619
The Kinetic Model of Gases
160
The kinetic model of gases explains the properties of a perfect gas using three main assumptions: molecules move in ceaseless random motion, their size is negligible compared to the distances between them, and they do not interact except during perfectly elastic collisions. The total energy of a gas is the sum of the kinetic energies of all its constituent molecules. The pressure exerted by the gas arises from the continual bombardment of the container walls by billions of colliding molecules.
160
Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model
938
Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the...
938
Multicompartment Models: Overview
715
Multicompartment models are mathematical constructs that depict how drugs are distributed and eliminated within the body. They segment the body into several compartments, symbolizing various physiological or anatomical areas connected through drug transfer processes such as absorption, metabolism, distribution, and elimination.
These models offer a more comprehensive representation of drug behavior in the body than one-compartment models. They accommodate the complexity of drug distribution,...
These models offer a more comprehensive representation of drug behavior in the body than one-compartment models. They accommodate the complexity of drug distribution,...
715


