麻酔を受けた猿の脳における内在的な機能的構造
J L Vincent1, G H Patel, M D Fox
1Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
Nature
|May 4, 2007
まとめ
血中酸素レベルに依存する信号変動で測定される自発的な脳活動は,休息しているヒトでは一貫しています. この研究では,麻酔を受けたサルでも同様の一貫した変動がみられ,この脳の組織が意識レベルを超えて保存されていることを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 認知神経科学とは
- システム神経科学 システム神経科学
背景:
- 伝統的な脳の研究は,刺激によって引き起こされる活動に焦点を当てています.
- ほとんどの脳エネルギーは,進行中の,呼び出されていない代謝活動をサポートします.
- 休息状態の機能性磁気共鳴画像 (fMRI) は,ヒトの血中酸素レベル依存 (BOLD) 信号の自発的な変動を明らかにしています.
研究 の 目的:
- 非ヒトの霊長類で自発的なBOLD信号の変動が発生するかどうかを調査する.
- これらの変動が,既知の機能的な脳システム内で時間的な相関性を示すかどうかを判断する.
- 意識の異なる状態におけるこれらの現象の存在を探求する.
主な方法:
- 機能性磁気共鳴画像 (fMRI) は,脳の活動を測定するために使用されました.
- 意識喪失を誘発するレベルでの麻酔下で猿を研究した.
- 眼運動,体運動,視覚,デフォルトモードのネットワーク内で自発的なBOLD信号変動の時間的相関性を分析した.
主要な成果:
- 一貫した自発的なBOLD信号の変動は,麻酔を受けたサルで観察されました.
- これらの変動は,デフォルトモードのネットワークを含む,確立された機能システム内で存在していました.
- この現象は,深い麻酔下でも持続し,脳の組織の基本的な側面を示しています.
結論:
- 自発的で一貫したBOLD信号の変動は,意識のある人間に特有するものではありません.
- この脳の組織は,おそらく進化的に保存された性質を表しています.
- これらの発見は,システムレベルの機能的組織が意識状態を超越することを示唆しています.
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