WHOの勧告における証拠の利用
Andrew D Oxman1, John N Lavis2, Atle Fretheim1
1Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services, PO Box 7004, St Olavs plass, N-0130 Oslo, Norway.
Lancet (London, England)
|May 12, 2007
まとめ
世界保健機関 (WHO) の勧告では,体系的なレビューはめったに用いられず,専門家の意見に基づいています. 勧告開発の改善には,リーダーシップ,リソース,研究文献への注意が必要です.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 健康政策 保健政策 保健政策
- 証拠に基づいた実践
背景:
- 歴史的なWHO規則 (1951年) は,勧告に対して専門家の意見を優先した.
- 現在のWHOのガイドライン (2003年) は,体系的なレビューとエビデンスに基づく戦略を強調しています.
- WHOの勧告開発において,規定されたガイドラインと実際の実践の間にギャップが存在します.
研究 の 目的:
- 証拠の利用,特に効果の証拠を,WHOの部門的勧告で検討する.
- WHOの定めるガイドラインと,その勧告開発プロセスとの連携を評価する.
主な方法:
- ジュネーブの本部でWHO部門のディレクターとのインタビュー.
- 面接で議論された勧告報告書と裏付け文書のレビュー.
- 2人の個人によるインタビューデータとドキュメントの独立した分析.
主要な成果:
- システマティック・レビューと要約された調査結果は,WHOの勧告を策定する際にほとんど使われない.
- 勧告の策定は主に専門分野の専門家によるもので,エンドユーザーや方法論の専門家によるものではありません.
- 現在の慣行は,WHOのガイドラインで概説されている証拠に基づいたアプローチから著しく逸脱しています.
結論:
- WHOの勧告の開発,適応,実施を進めていくには,強力なリーダーシップが必要です.
- 適切なリソースは,透明で正当な推薦プロセスに不可欠です.
- WHOの勧告戦略を改善するために,現在および新興の研究文献との継続的な関与は不可欠です.
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