marsupial Monodelphis domesticaのゲノムは,コード化されていない配列の革新を明らかにしています
Tarjei S Mikkelsen1, Matthew J Wakefield, Bronwen Aken
1Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. kersli@broad.mit.edu
Nature
|May 15, 2007
まとめ
灰色で短い尾のオポッサムのゲノムは,哺乳類の進化についての洞察を提供します. この有袋動物のゲノムは,異なる染色体の特徴を明らかにし,トランポゾンを強調しています.
科学分野:
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 比較哺乳類ゲノミクス
背景:
- 灰色で短い尾のオポッサム (Monodelphis domestica) は,ゲノム配列を解析した最初の有袋類である.
- Marsupialsは,胎盤哺乳類 (eutherians) と比較してユニークな進化的視点を提供しています.
研究 の 目的:
- モノデルフィス・ドメスティカの高品質の草稿ゲノム配列を提供する.
- メタテリアン哺乳類のゲノム組織と進化パターンを分析する.
- 哺乳類の進化的革新を理解するために,オポッサムとエウテリアンのゲノムを比較する.
主な方法:
- モノデルフィス・ドメスティカの全ゲノム配列解析.
- オポッサムとエウテリアンのゲノム間の比較ゲノム解析.
- 保存された非コーディング要素 (CNEs) の識別と特徴付け.
主要な成果:
- オポッサム染色体は,バイアスな遺伝子変換とX染色体不活性化を含むゲノム進化の理論を支持する特性を示しています.
- タンパク質をコードする遺伝子の革新は限られているが,その違いは主に遺伝子ファミリーの多様化によるものである.
- ユーテリアン保存非コーディング元素 (CNEs) の約20%は,メタテリアン-ユーテリアン分岐後の新型であり,その多くは転置可能な元素から発生しています.
結論:
- オポッサムのゲノムは,哺乳類のゲノムの進化と機能に関する重要な洞察を提供します.
- 移植可能な元素は,哺乳類の遺伝子調節における進化的革新の重要な原動力である.
- 非コーディング要素は,タンパク質をコードする遺伝子よりも,最近の進化的発明の割合が高くなります.
関連する概念動画
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
Synteny and Evolution
John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral chromosome underwent...
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral chromosome underwent...
Gene Duplication and Divergence
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
Exon Recombination
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes.
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
Evolution of Microbial Genome
Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.


