人間の主要な感染症の起源
Nathan D Wolfe1, Claire Panosian Dunavan, Jared Diamond
1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-1772, USA. nwolfe@ucla.edu
Nature
|May 18, 2007
まとめ
農業の後,熱帯地域と温帯地域の起源が異なる新たな感染症が現れた. 家畜と野生の霊長類は,病気の伝染において重要な役割を果たし,動物から人間への病原体の進化には5つの段階が特定されています.
科学分野:
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- アントロポロジー人類学
背景:
- 多くの主要なヒト感染症は,農業の発展後に発生した.
- これらの病気は,不釣り合いながら旧世界起源である.
- 病気の起源を理解することは,公衆衛生と病気の予防に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 主要なヒト感染症の起源を調査する.
- 熱帯病と温帯病の発生源を区別する.
- 動物性感染症の病原体の進化経路を解明する.
主な方法:
- 異なる地理的地域における病気の起源の比較分析.
- 動物から人間への病原体の進化の中間段階の識別.
- 感染症に関連する歴史的および疫学的データのレビュー.
主要な成果:
- 病気の発生源は,熱帯地域 (例えば野生の霊長類) と温帯地域 (例えば家畜) の間で異なります.
- 病原体の動物性感染症の伝播と適応の5つの異なる段階が特定されました.
- この研究は,農業と家畜の家畜化がヒトの病気の発生に及ぼす重大な影響を強調しています.
結論:
- 人間の感染症の出現は,農業の発展と人間と動物の相互作用と密接に関連しています.
- 動物性感染症の病原体進化の段階を理解することで,病気の監視と制御の戦略に情報を与えることができます.
- 病気の発生源を解決し,新型病原体に対する世界的な早期警告システムを確立するためのイニシアチブを提案する.
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