道徳心理学における新しい合成である
1Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA. haidt@virginia.edu
まとめ
人間の道徳は利己主義と利他主義のバランスをとり,普遍的で多様な特性を示しています. 収束する研究は,道徳的直感と社会的機能を強調し,道徳は害と公平を超えて忠誠心と純粋さを含むことを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 心理学 心理学とは
- 社会学 社会学 社会学とは
- アントロポロジー人類学
- 道徳哲学 道徳哲学とは
背景:
- 人間の行動は,利己主義と道徳的動機の間の緊張を示しています.
- 道徳は普遍的な人間の特徴として認識されていますが,それは文化的に異なる方法で現れます.
- 既存の研究は,道徳的直感の重要性と,真実探求というより,道徳的認知の社会的性質を強調している.
研究 の 目的:
- 道徳心理学と行動に関する学際的な研究を統合する.
- 道徳を理解するための統一的な枠組みを提案する.
- 道徳心理学における研究不足の分野,特に集団的および宗教的側面を特定する.
主な方法:
- 心理学,社会学,人類学の発見を合成した文献レビュー.
- 道徳に関する様々な研究分野を理論的に統合する.
- 道徳的認知と行動を支配する新興の原則の特定.
主要な成果:
- 研究の収束は,道徳の主要な原則:直感の重要性,道徳的思考の社会的機能性,文化との共進化を指摘しています.
- 道徳的な心と文化的慣行が共進化し,多様な道徳的コミュニティを形成することが示されています.
- 現在の道徳の理解は,主に害と公正に焦点を当て,他の領域を無視しています.
結論:
- 人間の道徳における明らかな矛盾は,学際的なレンズを通して解決されます.
- 第4の原則は,道徳は害や公正以上のものを含んでいる,というものです.
- 将来の研究は,忠誠心,権威,精神的な純粋さを含む道徳の集団的,宗教的側面を探求すべきである.
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