染色体不安定のマウス腫瘍は,ヒトの様々ながんに似たゲノム変異がある
Richard S Maser1, Bhudipa Choudhury, Peter J Campbell
1Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Nature
|May 23, 2007
まとめ
遺伝的に不安定なマウスモデルは,がん遺伝子の発見に役立ちます. これらのモデルは,マウスリンパ腫とヒトT細胞急性リンパ性白血病/リンパ腫 (T-ALL) でのFBXW7およびPTEN消去のような一般的な遺伝イベントを特定し,種間がんの類似性を強調しました.
科学分野:
- 腫瘍学 腫瘍学
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
- 比較腫瘍学とは
背景:
- 癌ゲノムは複雑で,腫瘍変異の重要な遺伝的要因を特定することは困難です.
- マウスモデルは,がんの発達を理解し,新しい治療標的を発見するために不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 癌遺伝子の発見のためのエンジニアリングされた,染色体的に不安定なマウスモデルの有用性を評価する.
- マウスモデルとヒトの癌の間の癌に関連したコピー番号の偏差の重複の程度を決定する.
主な方法:
- 染色体不安定でリンパ腫に罹患しやすいマウスを設計した.
- ターゲットを絞った再配列化を含む対照的遺伝学分析.
- コピーナンバーアベレーション (CNA) とその合成ロケーションの識別.
主要な成果:
- FBXW7とPTENは,ネズミリンパ腫とヒトT細胞急性リンパ性白血病/リンパ腫 (T-ALL) の両方で一般的に削除されていることが判明しました.
- ネズミの癌は,ヒトのT-ALLおよび他のヒトの腫瘍タイプに対する合成位置での再発的な増幅と消去を示した.
- マウスとヒトの腫瘍におけるゲノムイベントは高度なコンコンダンスを示しており,これは,正統的な遺伝イベントによって引き起こされる共通の生物学的プロセスを示唆しています.
結論:
- ゲノム的に不安定なマウスがんモデルは,ヒトがんにおける生物学的ドライバーイベントを発見するための貴重なツールです.
- マウスとヒトの腫瘍のゲノム変異の重複は,これらのモデルを翻訳性がん研究に使用することを支持しています.
- 比較腫瘍ゲノミクスは,種間の癌の発症の基礎となる保存された遺伝的メカニズムを明らかにします.
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