旅行者のためのマラリア化学予防における論争と誤解
Lin H Chen1, Mary E Wilson, Patricia Schlagenhauf
1Travel Medicine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02238, USA. lchen@hms.harvard.edu
JAMA
|May 24, 2007
まとめ
マラリア化学予防のガイドラインは様々ですが,メフロキンは他の薬と比べて安全性を示しています. プリマキンは,プラズモディウムビバックス再発に対して有効ですが,現在のガイドラインにはコンセンサスが欠如しています.
科学分野:
- 熱帯医学と感染症について
- グローバル・ヘルスと疫学
- 薬理学と医薬品の安全性について
背景:
- マラリア予防に関する論争は,データギャップ,相反する証拠,および異なるリスクの値から生じます.
- マラリアの重症度,薬物耐受性,排斥剤の有効性に関する誤解 予防の議論を燃やす燃料
研究 の 目的:
- マラリア化学予防のための国際ガイドラインを比較し,勧告の不一致を特定する.
- メフロキンの耐受性をレビューし,神経精神学的効果とパフォーマンスの影響に焦点を当てます.
- プラズモディウムビバックスマラリアの再発を予防する現在の治療法の失敗を検証し,代替案を探求する.
主な方法:
- 2006年12月までのMEDLINE/PubMedの体系的な文献検索を行いました.
- キーワードには,マラリア,化学予防,旅行,メフロクイン,神経精神学的有害事象,耐受性,ビバックスマラリア,プリマクインが含まれていました.
- 選択された記事からの引用も,言語の制限なしに検討されました.
主要な成果:
- 薬物の選択と予防期間に関する現在のマラリア化学予防指針には大きなギャップと矛盾があります.
- 制御された研究では,メフロキンの重篤な神経精神学的有害事象の発生率は,他の薬剤と同等であり,パフォーマンスを損なわないことが示されています.
- 現在の第一線化学予防療法では,Plasmodium vivaxの再発を防ぐことができないが,プリマキンはこれらの再発を予防する効果を示している.
結論:
- 旅行者のための効果的なマラリア予防には,疫学と宿主-寄生虫の相互作用を理解することが必要です.
- 標準化された勧告の欠如と継続的な論争は,マラリア予防戦略を複雑にします.
- 国際的なコンセンサスは,ガイドラインを調和させ,論争を解決し,予防措置の遵守を改善するために不可欠です.
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