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生態学:カエルの減少の近接的な原因?
Ines Di Rosa1, Francesca Simoncelli, Anna Fagotti
1Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università di Perugia, Via Pascoli 1, Perugia 06123, Italy. inesdir@unipg.it
Nature
|June 1, 2007
まとめ
地球温暖化は両生類の減少と関連しているかもしれないが,キトリド菌 (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) が常に唯一の原因ではない. イタリアで病気が発生する前に,新しい非病原性の真菌形態が一般的だった.
科学分野:
- ヘルペトロジー ヘルペトロジー
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 病原体研究とは,病原体の研究である.
背景:
- 両生類の減少は,気候変動とキトリド菌 (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) が関与していることで,世界的な懸念事項です.
- 気候に関連した流行病仮説は,地球温暖化がキトリジオミコシスの流行を悪化させることを示唆しています.
研究 の 目的:
- トラシメノ湖地域 (イタリア) の両生類の減少におけるBatrachochytrium dendrobatidisの役割を調査する.
- 両生類の減少とキトリジオミコシスの存在の間の時間的関係を調べる.
- 両生類の損失の唯一の原動力として特定の病原体に単一の焦点を当てることに挑戦する.
主な方法:
- 1999年から2002年までトラシメノ湖周辺での野外観測とサンプル収集.
- 水Rana lessonaeの集団におけるキトリド菌バトラコキトリウムデンドロバチディス (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) の識別と特徴付けについて.
- 数年の間,両生類の健康状態と病気の流行をモニタリングする.
主要な成果:
- チトリド菌バトラコチトリウム・デンドロバチディス (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) は,1999年から2002年の間に研究領域に多く見られた.
- この期間に,これまで文書化されていない,非病原性キトリド菌の形が特定されました.
- キノコによって引き起こされる病気であるチトリジオミコシスは,キノコが最初に広く存在した数年後,2003年まで観察されませんでした.
結論:
- この発見は,地球温暖化と両生類の減少が病原性キトリドキノコの流行によってのみ起こるという直接的な関係に異議を唱えている.
- 非病原菌菌株の存在は,複雑な宿主-寄生虫の相互作用と,疾患の発生に影響を与える環境要因を示唆しています.
- 宿主-寄生虫の生態学に関するより広範な理解は,単一の病原体に焦点を当てると,両生類の減少の原因を過度に単純化する可能性があるため,非常に重要です.
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