飼いならされた自然:人間の福祉のために風景や生態系を形作る
Peter Kareiva1, Sean Watts, Robert McDonald
1Nature Conservancy, 4245 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 100, Arlington, VA 22203, USA. pkareiva@tnc.org
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 30, 2007
まとめ
人類は,食糧や安全などの利益のために自然を飼いならしてきたが,それは生態学的結果をもたらしている. 将来の取り組みは,より賢明な管理のために生態系サービス間のトレードオフを定量化する必要があります.
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 環境科学 環境科学
- 保護生物学の保護生物学
背景:
- 人類の繁殖への衝動は,景観と生態系の広範な家畜化につながりました.
- この家畜化は,歴史的に,強化された食糧安全保障,減少した捕食,経済成長などの利益をもたらしてきました.
- しかし,これらの行動は意図せぬ生態学的変化をもたらし,野生の地域が大幅に減少させました.
研究 の 目的:
- 人類による生態系の家畜化がもたらした歴史的および継続的な影響を強調する.
- 飼いならされた自然を管理するためのより情報に基づいたアプローチの必要性を強調する.
- 生態系サービス間のトレードオフの科学的定量化を提唱する.
主な方法:
- この研究は,主に生態学的原理の概念的合成とレビューである.
- それは,人間と生態系の相互作用の歴史的軌道を分析することを含む.
- それは,生態管理における定量分析の重要性を強調しています.
主要な成果:
- 人間にとって,家畜化がもたらす純利益は,一般的に肯定的なものである.
- 生態系の属性に大きな予期せぬ変化が起きました.
- 本当に野生の生態系が地球上に残っているのはごくわずかです.
結論:
- 科学者は,自然をより賢く飼いならせるよう,人類を導くことができます.
- 異なる生態系サービス間のトレードオフを定量化することは極めて重要です.
- あるサービスの提供と生態系の回復力,その他のサービスのバランスをとることは,持続可能な管理の鍵です.
関連する概念動画
01:50Threats to Biodiversity
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
01:24Biodiversity and Human Values
Human civilization relies on biodiversity in many ways. Sudden changes in species biodiversity result in environmental changes that can modify weather patterns and therefore human civilizations.
01:57What is Conservation Biology?
Conservation biology is a scientific field that focuses on the preservation of biodiversity in order to protect ecosystems while meeting the needs of the human population. Humans require properly functioning ecosystems to maintain our supply of natural resources, including food, medicines, and building materials.
01:43Sustainable Development
As the human population continues to grow and use resources, we must be mindful of our planet’s natural limits. Sustainable development provides a pathway to maintain and improve human life now while also ensuring that future generations will have the resources that they need. The long-term success of sustainability efforts rests on understanding the interplay between human actions and ecological systems.
01:21Dimensions of Health and Illness
The factors influencing the health-illness continuum can be internal or external and may or may not be under conscious control. They are related to the following eight human dimensions, and each dimension is interrelated to one other.
01:26Design Example: Sustainability in Concrete Building
As the construction industry moves towards more eco-friendly practices, concrete's adaptability and its ability to incorporate sustainable features make it a key material in the drive towards greener building solutions.
There are multiple approaches to achieve sustainability in a commercial concrete building. For instance, construct a concrete parking area under the building, utilizing pervious concrete paver blocks in open areas to facilitate rainwater collection through an underground cistern.
There are multiple approaches to achieve sustainability in a commercial concrete building. For instance, construct a concrete parking area under the building, utilizing pervious concrete paver blocks in open areas to facilitate rainwater collection through an underground cistern.