関連する実験動画
Updated: May 12, 2026

10:36
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Published on: July 22, 2008
プラリポテンツ細胞および系統にコミットした細胞におけるクロマチンの状態の全ゲノム地図
Tarjei S Mikkelsen1, Manching Ku, David B Jaffe
1Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
Nature
|July 3, 2007
まとめ
この研究では,単一分子配列を解析して,全ゲノムにわたるヒストンの改変をマッピングし,これらのマークが哺乳類の細胞状態と遺伝子調節をどのように定義するかを明らかにしています.
科学分野:
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
- エピジェネティクス エピジェネティクス
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
背景:
- ヒストンの改変は,遺伝子発現と細胞のアイデンティティを調節する重要なエピジェネティックマークです.
- これらの改変を全ゲノムにわたって包括的にマッピングするには,高通量メソッドが必要である.
研究 の 目的:
- 哺乳類の細胞におけるヒストン変異の高通量プロファイリングのための単分子配列を解析を適用する.
- ゲノム全体のクロマチンの状態マップを作成し,細胞状態と遺伝子調節との関係を分析する.
主な方法:
- 単一分子ベースのシーケンシング技術を使用しました.
- 哺乳類の細胞からのDNAの配列化 (ChIP-seq) に続くクロマチンの免疫プレシピテーションを行った.
- 40億以上の塩基配列データを生成しました.
主要な成果:
- マウスの胚性幹細胞,神経原始細胞,胚性線維芽細胞のための全ゲノムにわたる染色体状態マップを生成しました.
- 特定された特定のヒストントリメチル化マーク (例えば,H3K4me3,H3K27me3) は,遺伝子発現状態 (発現,バランス,抑制) を区別し,細胞系統の可能性を反映します.
- H3K36me3がコーディングとノンコーディングのトランスクリプトをマークし,遺伝子アノテーションを支援することを実証しました.
- H3K9me3とH3K20me3をリピート要素とアクティブなLTRに局所化し,ユニークな配列に広がる可能性があります.
- H3K4me3とH3K9me3の印を押した制御領域が示されています.
- シングルヌクレオチドポリモルフィズムを用いたアレル固有の染色体状態の読み取りが確認されました.
結論:
- 単一分子配列化は,多様な哺乳類の細胞集団における包括的な染色体プロファイルのための強力な枠組みを提供します.
- ヒストンの改変パターンは,細胞状態,系統の可能性,遺伝子調節の重要な決定因子です.
- このアプローチにより,表遺伝的景観とその機能的影響の詳細な特徴づけが可能です.
関連する概念動画
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Euchromatin
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression
Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area.
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the timing and level of...
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the timing and level of...
Heterochromatin
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Lineage Commitment
Commitment is the process whereby stem cells:
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...

