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Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers01:15

Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers

Many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic; they do not cross the cell membrane but bind to cell-surface receptors. Thus, their message must be relayed by second messengers present in the cell cytoplasm. There are several second messenger pathways, each with its own way of relaying information. For example, the G protein-coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol pathway is active when the receptor induces...
Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze the...
MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a rapamycin-insensitive companion...

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Detection of Signaling Effector-Complexes Downstream of BMP4 Using in situ PLA, a Proximity Ligation Assay
12:52

Detection of Signaling Effector-Complexes Downstream of BMP4 Using in situ PLA, a Proximity Ligation Assay

Published on: March 4, 2011

AKT/PKBのシグナリング:下流航行

Brendan D Manning1, Lewis C Cantley

  • 1Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, SPH2-117, Boston, MA 02115, USA. bmanning@hsp.harvard.edu

Cell
|July 3, 2007
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

セリン/スレオニンキナーゼAkt (タンパク質キナーゼB) は,細胞シグナル伝達に不可欠であり,癌や糖尿病などの疾患に関与しています. このレビューは,Akt Aktの詳細を記載しています.

さらに関連する動画

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development
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Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development

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Understanding the Development of Compensatory Pathways in a Mutant Malaria Parasite Harbouring Hypomorphic Allele of Plant-Like Kinases
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Understanding the Development of Compensatory Pathways in a Mutant Malaria Parasite Harbouring Hypomorphic Allele of Plant-Like Kinases

Published on: November 22, 2024

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Detection of Signaling Effector-Complexes Downstream of BMP4 Using in situ PLA, a Proximity Ligation Assay
12:52

Detection of Signaling Effector-Complexes Downstream of BMP4 Using in situ PLA, a Proximity Ligation Assay

Published on: March 4, 2011

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development
09:32

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development

Published on: June 15, 2017

Understanding the Development of Compensatory Pathways in a Mutant Malaria Parasite Harbouring Hypomorphic Allele of Plant-Like Kinases
09:13

Understanding the Development of Compensatory Pathways in a Mutant Malaria Parasite Harbouring Hypomorphic Allele of Plant-Like Kinases

Published on: November 22, 2024

科学分野:

  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
  • 細胞シグナル伝達 細胞信号伝達
  • バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー

背景:

  • セリン/スレオニンキナーゼAkt (タンパク質キナーゼBまたはPKBとも呼ばれる) は,重要なシグナル伝達分子である.
  • Aktは,成長因子やサイトカインなどの外部刺激に対する細胞反応の中心的なハブとして機能します.
  • Aktシグナル伝達の不調は,2型糖尿病や癌を含む様々な複雑な疾患と関連しています.

研究 の 目的:

  • Aktの分子特性を検討する.
  • Aktのセルラーターゲットを特定する方法を議論する.
  • 主要な細胞機能に関与するAkt基質を調査する.

主な方法:

  • Aktの分子特性に関する文献レビュー.
  • Aktの細胞標的を特徴づける研究の分析.
  • 既定および推定のアクト基質の議論.

主要な成果:

  • Aktは,細胞の生存,成長,増殖,血管新生,代謝,移動の重要な媒介である.
  • Aktの標的を特定するために,様々な分子アプローチが採用されています.
  • 特定のAkt基板は,細胞プロセスにおける役割のために強調されています.

結論:

  • Aktの分子特性と標的を理解することは,健康と病気におけるその役割を理解するために不可欠です.
  • Aktの多様な基底は,基本的な細胞活動を調節する中心的な役割を強調しています.
  • Akt信号伝達経路に関するさらなる研究は,がんや糖尿病などの疾患の治療戦略を明らかにする可能性がある.