子どものHIV感染の国際的展望,進展,そして将来の課題
Andrew Prendergast1, Gareth Tudor-Williams, Prakash Jeena
1Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|July 10, 2007
まとめ
小児のHIV感染は依然として世界的な危機であり,開発途上国では介入へのアクセスが限られている. すべての子どもが効果的な抗レトロウイルス治療を受けることを保証することは,幼児期HIV/エイズとの闘いにとって極めて重要です.
科学分野:
- 小児の感染症について
- グローバル・ヘルス グローバル・ヘルス
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
背景:
- 小児のHIV感染は,毎日新規感染が多く,世界的な健康上の大きな課題となっています.
- 母から子への感染率は先進国では低い (<2%),発展途上国では高い (25~40%).
- 介入へのアクセスは,資源が限られた環境の女性にとって,依然として極めて低い (5-10%) レベルである.
研究 の 目的:
- 小児のHIV感染に特有の臨床および免疫学的特徴を強調する.
- 世界的に子どもたちのための効果的な介入に普遍的なアクセスを提供するという課題に取り組むこと.
- HIVに感染した子どもたちの抗レトロウイルス治療への平等なアクセスを必要としていることを強調する.
主な方法:
- 小児HIVに特有の臨床および免疫学的データのレビュー.
- 介入アクセスと伝播率における世界的な格差の分析.
- 抗レトロウイルス治療が子供のHIV進行に与える影響の検討.
主要な成果:
- 未治療の小児HIVは急速に進行し,資源が乏しい環境では死亡率が高く (2年以内に50%以上) なります.
- 抗レトロウイルス治療は,大人のように,小児のHIVの自然な経歴を変更することができます.
- 世界中の子どもたちの命を救う治療へのアクセスには大きなギャップがあります.
結論:
- 小児のHIV治療へのアクセスのギャップを埋めるために,緊急の世界的な努力が必要である.
- 子供の特定の臨床的および免疫学的ニーズに対応することが極めて重要です.
- 抗レトロウイルス治療の普遍的なアクセスを達成することは,小児のHIV死亡率と疾患の進行を減らすために不可欠です.
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