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What is an Ecosystem?01:17

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Biodiversity describes the variety of living things at multiple organizational levels: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity. Species diversity includes all branches of the evolutionary tree from single-celled prokaryotic organisms, bacteria, and archaea, to the eukaryotic kingdoms: plants; animals; fungi; and protists. To date, there have been about 1.75 million species identified, and new species are discovered every week.
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There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
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Experimental Protocol for Manipulating Plant-induced Soil Heterogeneity
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生物多様性と生態系の多機能性

Andy Hector1, Robert Bagchi

  • 1Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. ahector@uwinst.uzh.ch

Nature
|July 13, 2007
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

生態系の多機能性を維持するには,これまで考えられていたよりも大きな生物多様性が必要です. 異なる種は異なる機能に影響を及ぼし,複数の生態系プロセスをサポートするためにより多くの種が必要になります.

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JenaTron - An Experimental Approach to Study the Effects of Plant History and Soil History on Grassland Ecosystem Functioning
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科学分野:

  • エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
  • 環境科学 環境科学
  • 生物多様性研究 生物多様性研究

背景:

  • 生物多様性の減少は,生態系の機能とサービスに影響を及ぼします.
  • 個々の生態系機能は,多くの場合,種が増えるにつれて飽和し,冗長性を示唆しています.
  • 複数の機能のための生態系を保存するには,より高い生物多様性のレベルが必要になる可能性があります.

研究 の 目的:

  • 草原の生物多様性実験を分析し,種の豊かさと生態系の多機能性との関係を決定する.
  • 統合された生態系機能を支えるのに必要な種の数を特定する.
  • 異なる生態系機能に影響を与える種組成の重複を評価する.

主な方法:

  • 草原生物多様性実験の公表されたデータの分析.
  • ポジティブな効果を持つ種を特定するために,個々の生態系機能が分析されました.
  • 生態系機能の全ての組み合わせに好影響を与える種の数を計算した.

主要な成果:

  • 生態系の多機能性には,より多くの種が必要であることが実証されています.
  • さまざまな生態系機能に影響を与える種組成に大きな違いが観察されました (平均0.20.5の重複).
  • 生態系プロセスの数と,全体的な機能に必要な種との間には,ポジティブで飽和的な関係が存在します.

結論:

  • 多機能生態系には,単一機能の研究が示唆するよりも高い生物多様性が必要である.
  • 異なる種は,しばしば異なる生態系機能を支えているため,多様な種の集合体の必要性を強調しています.
  • 生物多様性のニーズを正確に推定するために,保全戦略は複数の生態系機能を考慮する必要があります.