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Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters01:29

Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters

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When an action potential reaches the presynaptic axon terminal, it releases neurotransmitters from the neuron into the synaptic cleft at a chemical synapse. The released neurotransmitter can be excitatory or inhibitory. The critical criteria commonly used to determine whether a molecule is a neurotransmitter at a chemical synapse are the molecule's presence in the presynaptic neuron. Second, its release is in response to strong presynaptic depolarization. And lastly, the presence of...
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Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
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Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Release or Uptake01:21

Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Release or Uptake

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Certain drugs can affect how neurotransmitters called catecholamines, are released or taken back up in the adrenergic neuron. They can have different effects on the body's sympathetic transmission. Reserpine, a natural compound found in the Rauwolfia shrub, blocks a transporter called vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), which leads to a buildup of catecholamines in the cell and reduces sympathetic transmission. Another drug called guanethidine works in multiple ways, including blocking...
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Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis01:29

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Drugs affecting neurotransmitter synthesis can impact the adrenergic neuron and the synthesis of neurotransmitters. For example, α-methyltyrosine and carbidopa target specific enzymes involved in catecholamine synthesis. α-methyltyrosine inhibits the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, which converts tyrosine into dopamine. By blocking this enzyme, α-methyltyrosine reduces dopamine production and other catecholamines. Carbidopa, on the other hand, inhibits the enzyme dopa decarboxylase,...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

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Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
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Neurotransmitters01:31

Neurotransmitters

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Neurotransmitters are essential chemical messengers within the nervous system, facilitating the communication between neurons. These chemical messengers, varying in function and effect, are critical for sustaining various aspects of neurological health and emotional well-being.
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EJC因子eIF4AIIIはシナプス強さとニューロンタンパク質発現を調節する.

Corinna Giorgi1, Gene W Yeo, Martha E Stone

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.

Cell
|July 17, 2007
PubMed
まとめ

エクソン結合複合体 (EJC) タンパク質eIF4AIIIは,神経細胞のタンパク質合成を調節する. その枯渇はシナプスの強さとAMPA受容体の豊富さを高め,シナプスの可塑性における役割を示唆する.

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Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins
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Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells
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Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins
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科学分野:

  • 神経科学は神経科学である.
  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
  • 細胞生物学 細胞生物学

背景:

  • 神経機能とシナプス可塑性は,デンドライトの制御されたmRNA翻訳に依存しています.
  • エクソン結合複合体 (EJC) タンパク質eIF4AIIIはmRNAの処理と輸送に関与しています.

研究 の 目的:

  • ニューロンのmRNA粒子とデンドリティックmRNAにおけるeIF4AIIIの役割を調査する.
  • eIF4AIIIがシナプス強度,AMPA受容体豊富度,ARCタンパク質レベルに与える影響を決定する.

主な方法:

  • eIF4AIIIがニューロンのmRNA粒やデンドリット型mRNAと関連している.
  • ニューロンにおけるeIF4AIIIのノックダウン.
  • シナプス強度とGLUR1 AMPA受容体の豊富さの測定.
  • ARCタンパク質とアーチmRNAレベルの分析.
  • 無意味媒介衰退 (NMD) 候補者の計算による識別.

主要な成果:

  • eIF4AIIIはニューロンのmRNA粒や dendritic mRNAに局限しています.
  • eIF4AIIIのノックダウンにより,シナプス強さとGLUR1のAMPA受容体の豊富性が著しく増加します.
  • eIF4AIIIの枯渇により,ARCタンパク質のレベルが上昇し,これは長期的な増強に不可欠です.
  • デンドライトに豊富に存在する弧 mRNAは,NMD.の標的として特定されています.
  • シナプス活動に影響を与える新しいNMD候補が計算的に発見されました.

結論:

  • eIF4AIIIは,シナプスのタンパク質合成を調節する上で重要な役割を果たします.
  • NMDのような翻訳依存的衰退経路は,神経細胞におけるタンパク質合成の重要な調節体として作用する可能性があります.
  • これらの発見は,ニューロンにおける空間的および時間的に制限されたタンパク質発現を制御するメカニズムについての洞察を提供します.