極地探検の心理的な影響
Lawrence A Palinkas1, Peter Suedfeld
1School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. palinkas@usc.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|July 28, 2007
まとめ
極地探検は,孤立と極端な環境による睡眠障害や対人紛争などの心理的変化を引き起こす可能性があります. しかし,対処の成功は,個人の成長と自給自足の向上にもつながります.
科学分野:
- 心理学 心理学とは
- 環境医学 環境医学
- 宇宙と極端な環境 心理学 心理学
背景:
- 極地探検は,長期の隔離,閉じ込め,極端な環境への曝露を伴う.
- これらの状態は,重大な心理的変化とストレス関連の症状につながる可能性があります.
研究 の 目的:
- 極地探検に関連する心理的変化や症候群を特定する.
- 極地探検の病原性および健康性の両方を調査する.
- ネガティブな心理的影響を防止し,ポジティブな適応を促進するための戦略を推奨する.
主な方法:
- 極地探検の参加者の心理的変化と症候群のレビュー.
- 睡眠障害,認知障害,ネガティブ・アフェクト,対人紛争など,報告された症状の分析.
- 自給自足と個人の成長の向上などのポジティブな心理的結果の検討.
主要な成果:
- 一般的な心理的な症状には,睡眠障害,認知障害,ネガティブな影響,対人緊張などがあります.
- 3つの重複するシンドロームが示唆されています:冬越し症候群,極性T3症候群,サブシンドローム季節性情動障害.
- 参加者の約5%が精神疾患の基準を満たしており,多くの方がポジティブな適応と成長を経験しています.
結論:
- 極地探検のネガティブな結果を防ぐには,心理的なスクリーニングとサポートが不可欠です.
- 適した性格特質を持つ候補者の選択と,対処戦略の訓練は,ポジティブな適応を促進することができます.
- 極地探検の参加者には,病理の予防と回復力の促進の両方に焦点を当てたバランスの取れたアプローチが推奨されます.
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