職場での物質への曝露と新発性喘息:国際予備的な集団ベースの研究 (ECRHS-II)
Manolis Kogevinas1, Jan-Paul Zock, Debbie Jarvis
1Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Municipal Institute of Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain. kogevinas@imim.es
Lancet (London, England)
|July 31, 2007
まとめ
職場での被曝は,成人の喘息を発症するリスクを大幅に高めます. 化学品の流出などの急性吸入事件も相当なリスクを伴い,労働者の監視の必要性を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 職業衛生は,健康に関するものです.
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 呼吸器系薬は呼吸器系薬として使われます.
背景:
- 職場での被曝と新発成人喘息の関連性は,人口研究では十分に理解されていません.
- 以前の研究は,喘息の発症の職業上のリスクを完全に特徴づけることができませんでした.
研究 の 目的:
- 特定の職業や職場での被曝に関連する新規発症性喘息のリスクを推定する.
- 職業的要因による成人の喘息のリスクを決定する.
主な方法:
- 13カ国の欧州共同体呼吸器健康調査の6837人の参加者を対象とした前向きな研究.
- メタホリンチャレンジテストと症状アンケートによる喘息の評価.
- 職業曝露は,仕事曝露マトリックス,専門家の判断,および自己報告された急性吸入イベントを使用して評価されました.
主要な成果:
- 既知の職業性喘息剤への曝露は,喘息のリスクを増加させた (相対リスク=1.6).
- 看護職は高リスク職業 (RR=2.2) として特定されました.
- 化学薬品の流出などの急性吸入イベントは,喘息のリスクが著しく上昇した (RR=3.3).
結論:
- 職業的曝露は,成人における喘息の発生に大きく寄与する.
- 吸入事故による喘息のリスクの増加は,被災した労働者を注意深く監視する必要があります.
- 大人の喘息患者のかなりの割合は,職場の要因に起因する.
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