ウガンダ北部における戦争犯罪の暴露と平和構築への影響
Patrick Vinck1, Phuong N Pham, Eric Stover
1Payson Center for International Development, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. pvinck@berkeley.edu
JAMA
|August 2, 2007
まとめ
トラウマ後ストレス障害 (PTSD) とうつ病症状の高い割合は,ウガンダ北部で見つかりました. PTSDとうつ病を患った生存者は,暴力的な平和戦略を支持する可能性が高くなりました.
科学分野:
- グローバル・ヘルス グローバル・ヘルス
- 紛争地域におけるメンタルヘルス
- トラウマと暴力の研究 トラウマと暴力の研究
背景:
- ウガンダ北部のロード・レジスタンス・アーミーとの紛争は,1980年代後半以来,平和の達成に重大な課題をもたらしてきました.
- 人口が戦争犯罪に晒されていることを理解することは,効果的な平和メカニズムの開発に不可欠です.
- 紛争後の環境における平和戦略に対する生存者の認識を調査することは不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- ウガンダ北部における戦争関連の暴力への曝露と,トラウマ後ストレス障害 (PTSD) とうつ病症状の流行を評価する.
- 戦争のトラウマ,精神疾患の症状,平和の達成に関する見解との関連を特定するため.
主な方法:
- 2005年,ウガンダ北部で2585人の成人を対象に,多段階,階層化,ランダムなクラスター調査が行われました.
- 参加者は,PTSDチェックリスト-市民版を使用してPTSDを評価し,ジョンズ・ホプキンス・うつ病症状チェックリストを使用してうつ病を評価しました.
- 収集されたデータには,トラウマへの曝露のパターンと平和に対する態度が含まれていました.
主要な成果:
- 74.3%がPTSDの症状基準を満たし,44.5%がうつ病の症状基準を満たした.
- 誘拐 (44.3%) と脅迫/傷害 (16.4%) は,最も重度のトラウマ暴露であり,PTSDとうつ病のリスクを大幅に増加させた.
- PTSDの症状を持つ被験者は,平和のために暴力を好む可能性が高く,鬱を患っている人は,非暴力を好む可能性が低い.
結論:
- この研究は,ウガンダ北部で紛争の影響を受けた人口の中で,PTSDとうつ病の症状の高い負担を強調しています.
- メンタルヘルス状態は,平和構築戦略に対する個人の視点に大きな影響を与え,トラウマの生存者はより積極的なアプローチを好む.
- 調査結果は,紛争後の地域における平和構築の取り組みの中で統合された精神保健支援の必要性を強調しています.
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