熱帯雨林の草食虫のベータ多様性が低い
Vojtech Novotny1, Scott E Miller, Jiri Hulcr
1Biology Center of the Czech Academy of Sciences and School of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. novotny@entu.cas.cz
Nature
|August 10, 2007
まとめ
熱帯の昆虫の多様性は,大規模な熱帯雨林地域における低変動を示しています. カタツムリ,甲虫,フルーツフライを含むほとんどの種は,広く分布しており,これらの生態系における固有の種に関する仮定に挑戦しています.
科学分野:
- トロピカル生態学 トロピカル生態学
- 昆虫の生物多様性について
- 保護生物学とは
背景:
- 熱帯雨林における大規模昆虫の多様性パターンの理解は,不完全な分類学データと分布記録によって制限されています.
- この知識のギャップは,世界の生物多様性評価と熱帯昆虫の保全の努力を妨げています.
研究 の 目的:
- 連続した低地の熱帯雨林における昆虫種の構成 (ベータ多様性) の大規模パターンを調査する.
- 宿主植物特異性と分散制限が昆虫の分布に及ぼす影響を決定する.
主な方法:
- 3つの草食動物ギルドで約500種の種を研究した: カタツムリ (Lepidoptera),アンブロシア虫 (Coleoptera),果虫 (Diptera).
- パプアニューギニアの低地熱帯雨林の75,000平方キロメートルにわたる種組成を分析した.
主要な成果:
- 種構成の変化の低率 (低ベータ多様性) が研究領域全体で観察され,種分布が広範囲に広がっていることが示されました.
- 大型植物種を食うカタツムリは,宿主植物の使用量が高く,制限された植物でさえ,固有の草食動物をサポートしませんでした.
- 低ベータ多様性は,ギルド全体で一貫しており,この地域の昆虫分布に対する分散制限の影響が限られていることを示唆しています.
結論:
- ニューギニアの低地熱帯雨林の昆虫種は広く分布しており,ベータ多様性が低い.
- 分散の制限は,これらの環境における昆虫の分布を形作る上で小さな役割を果たしているようです.
- 似たような低ベータ多様性のパターンは,世界中の他の熱帯低地熱帯雨林にも存在する可能性が高い.
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