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Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...

Electron Transport Chain Components

Electron Transport Chain Components

The electron transport chain (ETC) is a crucial metabolic pathway that facilitates energy conversion in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotes, the ETC comprises four membrane-associated protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In prokaryotes, the ETC in the plasma membrane can vary in composition, with fewer or different complexes depending on the organism and environmental conditions. These complexes transfer electrons from electron donors, such as NADH and FADH2, to...

EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents

EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents

EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...

The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane

The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane

The mitochondrial cristae membrane is the primary site for the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process of energy conversion mediated through respiratory complexes I to V. These complexes have been widely studied for decades, and it has been proven that they form supramolecular structures called respiratory supercomplexes (SC). These higher-order complexes may be crucial in maintaining the biochemical structure and improving the physiological activity of the individual complexes while...

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Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex

Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex

Published on: July 27, 2022

バッファアシストプロトン結合電子移転は,レニウムチロシン複合体のモデルで示されています.

Hiroshi Ishikita¹, Alexander V Soudackov, Sharon Hammes-Schiffer

¹Department of Chemistry, 104 Chemistry Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|August 21, 2007

まとめ

水ではなく,リンパスファートのバッファーは,レニウム複合体における陽子結合電子移転 (PCET) によるチロシル基生成を促進します. この発見は,生物学的に重要なプロセスにおける重要なステップを明確にします.

科学分野:

無機化学無機化学とは
物理化学物理化学
バイオケミストリーバイオケミストリー

背景:

タイロシル基子の生成は,多くの生物学的プロセスにおいて極めて重要です.
[Re (((P-Y)) (((phen)) (((CO)) 3PF6のような有機金属複合体の根幹形成のメカニズムを理解することは不可欠です.
陽子結合電子移転 (PCET) 反応は,化学的および生物学的変換に不可欠である.

研究の目的:

[Re(P-Y) ((phen) ((CO) 3)) PF6複合体におけるチロシルラジカル生成のメカニズムを解明する.
PCET反応における異なる陽子受容体 (水対リン酸バッファー) の役割を調査する.
反応の速度と動的同位体効果に影響を与える要因を分析する.

主な方法:

マルチステート連続体理論は,陽子結合電子伝送反応 (PCET) をモデル化するために採用されました.
計算では,水とリン酸の両方のバッファーを潜在的な陽子受容体として考慮した.
分析には,再構成エネルギー,反応自由エネルギー,活性化自由エネルギー,水素とデュテリウム移転のためのビブロニックカップリングが含まれていました.

主要な成果:

フォスファートバッファー種HPO4(2-) が効果的な陽子受容体として特定され,実験的なpH依存性とH/D運動同位体効果を成功裏に再現しました.

さらに関連する動画

Proton Transfer and Protein Conformation Dynamics in Photosensitive Proteins by Time-resolved Step-scan Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Proton Transfer and Protein Conformation Dynamics in Photosensitive Proteins by Time-resolved Step-scan Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Published on: June 27, 2014

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphos^Ph Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex

Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex

Published on: July 27, 2022

Proton Transfer and Protein Conformation Dynamics in Photosensitive Proteins by Time-resolved Step-scan Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Proton Transfer and Protein Conformation Dynamics in Photosensitive Proteins by Time-resolved Step-scan Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Published on: June 27, 2014

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphos^Ph Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

陽子受容体として水を使用するモデルは,このシステムにとって物理的に不合理であることが判明しました.

支配的な比率の貢献は,より大きなビブロニックカップリングと重複によるより高い製品ビブロニック状態への非アディアバティック移行から生じる.

結論:

リン酸緩衝種,特にHPO4(2-は,研究されたレニウム複合体のチロシル基生成機構において重要な役割を果たします.
陽子ドナーと陽子受容体の距離が小さく,電子相互作用が好ましいため,水よりも陽子受容体の効果が高い.
この発見は,さまざまな生物系に関連したチロシルラジカル生成に関する根本的な洞察を提供します.