性差の主張:遺伝的関連における経験的評価
Nikolaos A Patsopoulos1, Athina Tatsioni, John P A Ioannidis
1Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece.
JAMA
|August 23, 2007
まとめ
遺伝的関連性における性差異の主張のほとんどは,妥当性がない. 遺伝的性差の主張は,内外の検証が強く,この研究分野における課題を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
- 人体健康 人体健康 人体健康
- バイオ統計学 バイオ統計学
背景:
- 共通する病気や特徴との遺伝的関連性における性差異の調査は,遺伝子研究における重要な課題です.
- 多くの研究が,男性と女性の間の異なる遺伝的リスクプロフィールを特定しようとし,ますます多くの文献に寄与しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 遺伝効果における性差に関する有力な主張の内外的妥当性を批判的に評価する.
- ヒトの疾患およびフェノタイプにおける報告された遺伝子性相互作用の信頼性と再現性を評価する.
主な方法:
- 2007年7月6日までのPubMedの体系的な文献検索を行い,タイトルに性別の違いを明示的に主張する遺伝的関連研究を調査した.
- タイトル,摘要,および全文レビューを含む215件の取り出された論文の適格性を評価し,あらゆる人間の状態に対して性別間の異なる遺伝効果を主張する研究に焦点を当てました.
- プリオリ仕様,サンプル使用,ドキュメンテーションの品質 (適切,不十分,偽り) に関するデータを抽出し,原始データが入手可能な場合,遺伝子と性別の相互作用の再分析を行った.
主要な成果:
- 77の適格な記事から432の性別差異の主張を評価し,66.2%が事前に指定され,48.6%がサンプル全体を使用した.
- 遺伝子と性との相互作用に関する適切な文書は,クレームのわずか12.7%で見つかり,再分析されたクレームの44.1%が名目的に有意であった (P < .05),多くのP値は控えめであった.
- 最良の内部有効性を持つ60の主張のうち,少なくとも2つの他の研究で一貫して再現されたのは1つだけであり,外部有効性が低いことを示しています.
結論:
- 遺伝学的な関連性における性に関する差異に関する主要な主張のほとんどは,十分に文書化されていないか,偽りである.
- 堅固な内部および外部妥当性を示す主張は珍しく,性差の研究においてより厳格な方法論が必要であることを示唆しています.
- この研究は,方法論的な限界と一貫した複製の欠如のために,信頼性の高い性別特異的な遺伝的効果を確立する際の課題を強調しています.
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