糖尿病性網膜症の管理:体系的なレビュー
Quresh Mohamed1, Mark C Gillies, Tien Y Wong
1Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
JAMA
|August 23, 2007
まとめ
糖尿病性網膜症 (DR) の管理は,予防のために厳格な血糖値と血圧制御に依存しています. レーザー光凝固療法は,重度のDRおよびマキュラ腫の視力損失を効果的に軽減しますが,他の治療法の証拠は限られています.
科学分野:
- オフタルモロジック (眼科)
- エンドクリノロジー エンドクリノロジー
- 根拠に基づいた医学は,エビデンスに基づいた医療です.
背景:
- 糖尿病性網膜症 (DR) は,働く年齢の成人における失明の主な原因である.
- 多くの新しいDR介入の有効性については,不確実性があります.
研究 の 目的:
- 糖尿病性網膜症 (DR) 管理における初次および二次介入に関する利用可能な最良のエビデンスを体系的に検討する.
- 糖尿病性黄斑腫に対する介入の評価を図る.
主な方法:
- 1966年から2007年5月までの英語記事の体系的なレビューを実施し,ランダム化比較試験 (RCT) とメタ解析を含む.
- 複数のデータベース (MEDLINE,EMBASE,Cochrane) と参照リストで検索しました.
- デルフィのコンセンサス基準を適用して,よく実施された研究を特定しました.
主要な成果:
- 厳密な血糖値と血圧のコントロールは,DRの発生率と進行を大幅に減少させます.
- パン網膜レーザー光凝縮は,重症/増殖性網膜症の視力喪失のリスクを半減します.
- 焦点レーザー光凝縮は,マキュラ腫の場合,中程度の視力喪失を50〜70%減らす.
- 早期の白内障切除術は,白内障出血による増殖性網膜症の視覚回復を改善します.
- 脂質低下療法,医療介入,またはDRの抗VEGF剤に対する証拠は不十分である.
結論:
- 最適な血糖値と血圧のコントロールは,DRの予防に不可欠です.
- レーザー光凝固 (全網膜および焦点) は,重度のDRおよびマキュラ腫に対して有効です.
- DRの他の治療法の日常的な使用は,証拠が不十分であるため,現在推奨されていません.
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