関連する実験動画
Updated: Jun 18, 2026

12:49
Measurement of Aggregate Cohesion by Tissue Surface Tensiometry
Published on: April 8, 2011
まとめ
この研究は,密集ポリマー系におけるストレスを理解するための新しい原子レベルの概念である固有モノマーストレス (IMS) を導入します. IMSは,各モノマーがマクロスコーピックストレスに与える影響を時間的に独立して測定し,様々なポリマー状態に適用できます.
科学分野:
- ポリマー物理学 ポリマー物理学
- マテリアルサイエンス 材料科学
- コンピューティング・ケミストリー
背景:
- 古典的なポリマーストレス理論は,分子とエントロピックスプリングの概念に焦点を当てています.
- 密度の高いポリマーにおけるストレスに関する詳細な原子レベルの理解は欠けています.
- 以前のモデルでは,マクロのストレスへの局所的な貢献が完全に捉えられなかった.
研究 の 目的:
- 密集ポリマー系におけるストレスに関する新しい原子レベルの記述を開発する.
- 固有モノマーストレス (IMS) の概念を導入し,定義する.
- 異なるポリマー条件におけるIMSの動作と適用性を調査する.
主な方法:
- 広範なコンピューターシミュレーションが,原子レベルでポリマーシステムを分析するために使用されました.
- 単一のモノメアの貢献を隔離するために,新しい局所移動座標系が定義されました.
- 本質的なモノマーストレス (IMS) は,この枠組みの中で計算されました.
主要な成果:
- 固有モノマーストレス (IMS) は,時間に関係のない重要なパラメータとして特定されました.
- IMSは,全体的なマクロスコーピックストレスに対する個々のモノメアの貢献度を定量化します.
- IMSの値は,均衡状態の溶解,ストレス緩和,および固定密度の変形型クロスリンクシステムにおいて一貫しています.
結論:
- 固有モノマーストレス (IMS) は,ポリマーストレスに関する根本的な新しい視点を提供します.
- IMSは,さまざまなポリマー状態に適用できる,強固で時間に関係のないメトリックを提供します.
- この原子レベルのコンセプトは,密度の高いポリマーの機械的振る舞いの理解を高めます.
関連する概念動画
Atomic Radii and Effective Nuclear Charge
The elements in groups of the periodic table exhibit similar chemical behavior. This similarity occurs because the members of a group have the same number and distribution of electrons in their valence shells.
Molecular and Ionic Solids
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
Metallic Solids
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Network Covalent Solids
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
Lattice Centering and Coordination Number
The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
Chemical Bonds
Atoms participate in a chemical bond formation to acquire a completed valence-shell electron configuration similar to that of the noble gas nearest to it in atomic number. Ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds are some of the important types of chemical bonds. Bond energy and bond length determine the strength of a chemical bond.
Types of Chemical Bonds
An ionic bond is formed due to electrostatic attraction between cations and anions. Often, the ions are formed by the transfer of electrons from...

