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関連する概念動画

The Carbon Cycle01:14

The Carbon Cycle

Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
What is Weather?01:07

What is Weather?

Overview
What is Climate?01:16

What is Climate?

Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
Variation of Atmospheric Pressure01:18

Variation of Atmospheric Pressure

Change in atmospheric pressure with height is particularly interesting. The decrease in atmospheric pressure with increasing altitude is due to the decreasing gravitational force per unit area as we move away from the surface of the earth.
Assuming the air temperature is constant at a given altitude and that the ideal gas law of thermodynamics describes the atmosphere to a good approximation, one can find the variation of atmospheric pressure with height.
Let p(y) be the atmospheric pressure at...
Microbes and Climate Change01:27

Microbes and Climate Change

Microorganisms are pivotal agents in Earth's biogeochemical cycles, significantly influencing climate dynamics through their metabolic activities. These microbes modulate the levels of key greenhouse gases by both contributing to and helping mitigate climate change.Microbial Contributions to Greenhouse Gas EmissionsRising global temperatures accelerate microbial metabolism, which, in turn, speeds up the decomposition of organic matter. This process releases carbon dioxide (CO₂) through...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

CO2 Photoreduction to CH4 Performance Under Concentrating Solar Light
07:08

CO2 Photoreduction to CH4 Performance Under Concentrating Solar Light

Published on: June 12, 2019

大気中の炭素14の変動は,太陽の変数に起因する.

M Stuiver, P D Quay

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |January 4, 1980
    PubMed
    まとめ

    太陽風の変化は,宇宙線流に影響を与え,炭素14 (14C) の生産速度を変更します. ツリーリングデータは,マウンダー最小値のような歴史的な太陽最小値を明らかにし,14C生産の増加と宇宙線流量と相関しています.

    科学分野:

    • 古代気候学 (paleoclimatology) とは,古代気候学 (paleoclimatology) とは,古代気候学 (paleoclimatology) とは,古代気候学 (paleoclimatology) とは,古代気候学 (paleoclimatology) とは
    • 太陽物理 太陽物理学
    • 放射性炭素年代測定法による年代測定

    背景:

    • 炭素14 (14C) の生成に影響を与える銀河の宇宙線流は,太陽風の磁気特性によって調節されます.
    • 樹輪で記録された大気中の14Cレベルは,過去の14C生産率のプロキシを提供します.

    研究 の 目的:

    • 長期にわたる太陽光の変化を含む,太陽光変動と14Cの生産率を関連付ける理論を開発する.
    • 過去の14C生産率を再構築し,過去の太陽活動記録と比較する.

    主な方法:

    • 樹輪データから過去の14C生産率を計算するために,炭素貯蔵庫モデルを使用.
    • 再構築された14Cの生産率と20世紀のニュートロン流量測定と太陽活動指数 (Aa,太陽光斑数) を比較する.

    主要な成果:

    • 860年の14C記録は,マウンダー (1654-1714),スポーラー (1416-1534),ウルフ (1282-1342) の太陽最小値が顕著であることを確認した.
    • 計算された14Cの生産率は,太陽の斑点の不在中に増加し,最も高い流動はスピーラー最小値の間に発生しました.

    さらに関連する動画

    Monitoring Pedogenic Inorganic Carbon Accumulation Due to Weathering of Amended Silicate Minerals in Agricultural Soils.
    07:32

    Monitoring Pedogenic Inorganic Carbon Accumulation Due to Weathering of Amended Silicate Minerals in Agricultural Soils.

    Published on: June 4, 2021

    Temperature Response of Soil Organic Matter Decomposition Rates: Construction and Applications of a Temperature Gradient Block
    07:46

    Temperature Response of Soil Organic Matter Decomposition Rates: Construction and Applications of a Temperature Gradient Block

    Published on: January 30, 2026

    関連する実験動画

    Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

    CO2 Photoreduction to CH4 Performance Under Concentrating Solar Light
    07:08

    CO2 Photoreduction to CH4 Performance Under Concentrating Solar Light

    Published on: June 12, 2019

    Monitoring Pedogenic Inorganic Carbon Accumulation Due to Weathering of Amended Silicate Minerals in Agricultural Soils.
    07:32

    Monitoring Pedogenic Inorganic Carbon Accumulation Due to Weathering of Amended Silicate Minerals in Agricultural Soils.

    Published on: June 4, 2021

    Temperature Response of Soil Organic Matter Decomposition Rates: Construction and Applications of a Temperature Gradient Block
    07:46

    Temperature Response of Soil Organic Matter Decomposition Rates: Construction and Applications of a Temperature Gradient Block

    Published on: January 30, 2026

  • A.D. 1645以降の記録は,歴史的な太陽斑点数と良好な相関を示しています.

    • 結論:

    • この研究は,これまで無視されていた長期の太陽の変化を考慮して,太陽の変動と関連した14C生産に関する新しい理論を提示しています.
    • 再構築された太陽最小値と関連する宇宙線流量変動は,過去千年の太陽活動に関する洞察を提供します.