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関連する概念動画

Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions02:54

Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions

To draw Lewis structures for complicated molecules and molecular ions, it is helpful to follow a step-by-step procedure as outlined:
Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids02:26

Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids

Particles in a solid are tightly packed together (fixed shape) and often arranged in a regular pattern; in a liquid, they are close together with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape); in a gas, they are far apart with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape). Particles in a solid vibrate about fixed positions (cannot flow) and do not generally move in relation to one another; in a liquid, they move past each other (can flow) but remain in essentially constant contact; in a gas, they move...
Molecular Structure and Acidity02:34

Molecular Structure and Acidity

An acid can be deprotonated to form a conjugate base or an anion. If the produced anion is more stable, then the acid is stronger. On the contrary, if the anion is unstable, then the acid is weaker. Hence, to determine the acidity of the compound, the stability of its conjugate base is studied using various factors.
The size effect explains the change in atomic size on acidity. When comparing the acids formed from elements that belong to the same column in the periodic table, their atomic sizes...
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects01:29

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects

Non-stoichiometric defects refer to a type of defect in the crystal structure of a compound where the ratio of its constituent elements deviates from the ideal stoichiometric ratio. There are two main types of non-stoichiometric defects: metal excess defects and metal deficiency defects.Metal excess defects occur when there is a slight surplus of metal ions than what is required by the stoichiometric ratio of the compound. For example, heating a sodium chloride crystal in sodium vapor results...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

X-ray Powder Diffraction in Conservation Science: Towards Routine Crystal Structure Determination of Corrosion Products on Heritage Art Objects
09:16

X-ray Powder Diffraction in Conservation Science: Towards Routine Crystal Structure Determination of Corrosion Products on Heritage Art Objects

Published on: June 8, 2016

ボロン酸化ガラスの短距離および中距離構造オーダーリング

R E Youngman, S T Haubrich, J W Zwanziger

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |September 8, 1995
    PubMed
    まとめ

    ボロン酸化ガラスの短距離と中距離の順序は,構造単位で説明されます. 核磁共振 (NMR) は,このガラスのような状態のオーダーリングに責任を持つボロキソール環を含む分子配列を明らかにします.

    科学分野:

    • マテリアルサイエンス 材料科学
    • 固体化学 固体化学
    • 凝縮物質物理学 凝縮物質物理学

    背景:

    • 短い長さのスケールでオーダーすることは,ガラスの状態の既知の特徴です.
    • メソスコピック長さのスケールでのオーダーリングは,材料全体で普遍的かもしれないという証拠があります.
    • ガラスの秩序の構造的基礎を理解することは,材料科学にとって極めて重要です.

    研究 の 目的:

    • ボロン酸化物ガラスの短尺および中長尺のオーダーリングを担当する構造単位を調査する.
    • グラス状の材料におけるメソスコピック長度スケールのオーダーリングの普遍性を証明する.
    • 先進的なNMR技術を用いて,酸化ボロンガラスの構造的順序の分子レベルの詳細を解明する.

    主な方法:

    • 高解像度Oxygen-17核磁共振 (NMR) スペクトロスコピーは,酸化ボロンガラスを研究するために使用されました.
    • ボロン-11 NMRと分散技術は,補足分析に使用されました.
    • 分析は,ガラスネットワーク内の特定の構造単位とそれらの配置を特定することに焦点を当てました.

    主要な成果:

    • 平面的なBO{3/2) 単位は,局所的な順序付けを担当する主要な分子構造として特定されました.

    さらに関連する動画

    Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing
    06:44

    Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing

    Published on: June 9, 2023

    In situ FTIR Spectroscopy as a Tool for Investigation of Gas/Solid Interaction: Water-Enhanced CO2 Adsorption in UiO-66 Metal-Organic Framework
    11:38

    In situ FTIR Spectroscopy as a Tool for Investigation of Gas/Solid Interaction: Water-Enhanced CO2 Adsorption in UiO-66 Metal-Organic Framework

    Published on: February 1, 2020

    関連する実験動画

    Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

    X-ray Powder Diffraction in Conservation Science: Towards Routine Crystal Structure Determination of Corrosion Products on Heritage Art Objects
    09:16

    X-ray Powder Diffraction in Conservation Science: Towards Routine Crystal Structure Determination of Corrosion Products on Heritage Art Objects

    Published on: June 8, 2016

    Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing
    06:44

    Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing

    Published on: June 9, 2023

    In situ FTIR Spectroscopy as a Tool for Investigation of Gas/Solid Interaction: Water-Enhanced CO2 Adsorption in UiO-66 Metal-Organic Framework
    11:38

    In situ FTIR Spectroscopy as a Tool for Investigation of Gas/Solid Interaction: Water-Enhanced CO2 Adsorption in UiO-66 Metal-Organic Framework

    Published on: February 1, 2020

  • Oxygen-17 NMRスペクトルは,これらの単位がboroxolリングとブリッジング酸素構成に詳細に含まれていることを明らかにしました.
  • この研究では,酸化ボロンガラス構造内のボロクソール環に富んでいるか貧乏なドメインの証拠が見つかりました.

    • 結論:

    • 特定された構造単位,特にボロキシール環とその配置は,酸化ボロンガラスの短距離および中距離順序の基礎です.
    • これらの発見は,メソスコピック長度スケールの順序がガラスの状態の普遍的な特徴であるという仮説を支持する.
    • 提案されたドメイン構造 (boroxol リングに富み/貧乏) は,ガラスのようなボロン酸化物における中間範囲の順序の構造的説明を提供します.