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Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
Convergent Evolution01:54

Convergent Evolution

Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.The structures that arise from convergent evolution are called analogous structures. They are similar in function even if they are dissimilar in structure. Further, structures can be analogous while also...
Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
The Hyoid Bone01:12

The Hyoid Bone

The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...
Teeth01:15

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...
Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.

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Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Assessing Species-specific Contributions To Craniofacial Development Using Quail-duck Chimeras
09:38

Assessing Species-specific Contributions To Craniofacial Development Using Quail-duck Chimeras

Published on: May 31, 2014

イチヨルニスの歯 (鳥類)

L D Martin, J D Stewart

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |March 25, 1977
    PubMed
    まとめ
    この要約は機械生成です。

    イクティオルニスやヘスペロルニスのような歯のある鳥は,歯が平らになった. 新しい化石が示しているのは,イクティヨルニスの歯はソケットではなく,溝の中にあり,年齢によって変化する可能性があるということです.

    さらに関連する動画

    Dissection and Flat-mounting of the Threespine Stickleback Branchial Skeleton
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    Dissection and Flat-mounting of the Threespine Stickleback Branchial Skeleton

    Published on: May 7, 2016

    Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology
    07:26

    Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology

    Published on: August 22, 2022

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    Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

    Assessing Species-specific Contributions To Craniofacial Development Using Quail-duck Chimeras
    09:38

    Assessing Species-specific Contributions To Craniofacial Development Using Quail-duck Chimeras

    Published on: May 31, 2014

    Dissection and Flat-mounting of the Threespine Stickleback Branchial Skeleton
    08:02

    Dissection and Flat-mounting of the Threespine Stickleback Branchial Skeleton

    Published on: May 7, 2016

    Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology
    07:26

    Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology

    Published on: August 22, 2022

    科学分野:

    • パレオントロジー・パレオントロジー
    • 進化生物学の進化生物学について
    • 脊椎動物学 脊椎動物学

    背景:

    • HesperornisとIchthyornisは絶滅した歯のある鳥です.
    • これらの鳥は,アーカイオプテリックスと共に,拡張された根を持つユニークな平らな歯を持っていた.
    • 以前の理解では,イクティヨルニスの歯は,アーキオプテリックスに似ているように,ソケットになっていることが示唆されていました.

    研究 の 目的:

    • イチトヨルニスの歯の植え付けを調査する.
    • ヘスペルオーニス,イクティオーニス,およびアーカイオプテリックスにおける歯の形状とインプラントを比較するために.
    • 鳥の歯のソケットの存在が年齢に依存しているかどうかを判断するために.

    主な方法:

    • 化石化した鳥の歯の比較分析.
    • 新しいイッチヨルニスの化石標本の調査.
    • 歯の根との構造の形態学的評価.

    主要な成果:

    • 新しいイクチオルニスの標本では,歯はソケットではなく,溝に挿入されていたことが明らかになった.
    • これは以前の報告と対照的であり,ヘスペルオーニスの歯植え付けと一致しています.
    • 研究されたイッチヨルニスの化石は,成人の個体であったが,高齢ではない.

    結論:

    • イクティヨルニスの歯の植え付けは,ソケット型ではなく,溝型のようです.
    • 鳥の歯の有無は,年齢によって影響される可能性があります.
    • この発見は,鳥の歯の進化に関する新しい洞察をもたらします.