科学における非公式の接触:コミュニケーションプロセスの確率モデル

B C Griffith, M J Jahn, A J Miller

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|July 9, 1971

まとめ

ほとんどの科学的な接触は,プアソン分布に従って,稀かつランダムである. しかし,非常に生産的な科学者は,かなり多くのつながりがあり,明確なグループを形成しています.

科学分野:

サイエントメトリクス (Scientometrics) は,サイエントメトリクス (Scientometrics) のサイトを運営しています.
ネットワーク科学ネットワーク科学
科学の社会学科学の社会学

背景:

科学者の協力パターンを理解することは,科学の進歩にとって極めて重要です.
以前の研究によると,コラボレーションネットワークは複雑で不均一である可能性があります.

研究の目的:

特定の研究分野における科学者の間の接触パターンを分析する.
接触分布がランダムなプロセスから逸脱しているかどうかを特定するために,特に高生産性のある個々人のために.

主な方法:

科学研究分野における接触頻度データの統計分析.
観察された接触パターンを,プアソン分布のような理論的分布と比較する.

主要な成果:

専門分野内の科学者の接触の大半は稀であり,ポアソン分布に従っており,ランダムなプロセスを示しています.
極めて生産的な科学者は,個別の,明確な接触分布を示し,接続数がかなり多い.

結論:

科学的接触ネットワークは,完全にランダムではない;非常に生産的な科学者は,中央のハブとして機能します.
これらの発見は,科学コミュニティ内の知識拡散とイノベーションを理解するための意味を持つ.

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