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関連する概念動画

Microbes and the Nitrogen Cycle01:26

Microbes and the Nitrogen Cycle

The nitrogen cycle is a complex biogeochemical process critical to maintaining the balance of nitrogenous compounds in ecosystems. This cycle involves multiple microbial-mediated transformations through which nitrogen changes oxidation states, supporting essential ecological functions and contributing to plant and microbial growth.Nitrogen Fixation and AmmonificationNitrogen fixation initiates the cycle by converting inert atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) into bioavailable ammonia (NH₃), a process...
Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this nitrogen...
Carbon-dioxide Fixation01:28

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation

Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme nitrate reductase...
The Nitrogen Cycle01:49

The Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen atoms, present in all proteins and DNA, are recycled between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem. However, the primary form of nitrogen on Earth is nitrogen gas, which cannot be used by most animals and plants. Thus, nitrogen gas must first be converted into a usable form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria before it can be cycled through other living organisms. The use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and animal waste products in human agriculture has greatly influenced the...
Marine Microbial Ecology01:30

Marine Microbial Ecology

Marine microbial ecosystems are shaped by distinct physicochemical limits, including high salinity, low nutrient availability, and fluctuating oxygen levels. These conditions favor smaller microbial cell sizes, which maximize their surface-to-volume ratio for efficient nutrient uptake.Microbial activity and community composition are closely linked to biogeochemical cycles, particularly in dynamic environments like estuaries, where halotolerant microbes thrive in response to variable salinity...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O
08:05

Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O

Published on: October 7, 2020

海洋環境における窒素の固定

D G Capone, E J Carpenter

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |September 17, 1982
    PubMed
    まとめ

    シアノバクテリアとベンシック環境による海洋窒素固定は重要ですが,植物プランクトンの成長を支えるには不十分です. これは,窒素の制限ではなく,他の要因が,海洋における植物プランクトンの生産性を制御していることを示唆している.

    科学分野:

    • マリン・バイオロジーの海洋生物学
    • 海洋学 海洋学とは
    • バイオジオケミストリー バイオジオケミストリー

    背景:

    • 窒素の固定は海洋生態系にとって極めて重要であり,シアノバクテリア (Trichodesmiumなど) とベンティック環境が重要な貢献者である.
    • 推定によると,海洋の窒素固定は,陸上の固定と産業用アンモニア合成のほんの一部である.
    • 海洋窒素循環は,入力が脱窒化損失とバランスをとるとき,安定状態であると考えられます.

    研究 の 目的:

    • 海洋の窒素固定が世界の窒素予算に与える貢献度を定量化する.
    • 海洋植物プランクトンの窒素需要を満たすための海洋窒素固定の適切性を評価する.
    • 植物プランクトンの成長制限の理解のために窒素固定率の影響を調査する.

    主な方法:

    • オスチラトリア (Trichodesmium) とベンティック環境からの窒素入力の定量分析.
    • 海洋の窒素固定率と陸上の固定率,産業用アンモニア生産の比較.
    • 植物プランクトンの窒素需要に対する窒素固定の貢献の評価.
    • 投入物と脱窒化損失を比較することによって,海洋窒素循環の安定状態の評価.

    主要な成果:

    • オスチラトリア (Trichodesmium) は,年間約4.8×1012グラムの窒素を海洋に供給しています.

    さらに関連する動画

    The Benthic Exchange of O2, N2 and Dissolved Nutrients Using Small Core Incubations
    10:11

    The Benthic Exchange of O2, N2 and Dissolved Nutrients Using Small Core Incubations

    Published on: August 3, 2016

    Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors
    07:59

    Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors

    Published on: December 6, 2018

    関連する実験動画

    Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

    Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O
    08:05

    Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O

    Published on: October 7, 2020

    The Benthic Exchange of O2, N2 and Dissolved Nutrients Using Small Core Incubations
    10:11

    The Benthic Exchange of O2, N2 and Dissolved Nutrients Using Small Core Incubations

    Published on: August 3, 2016

    Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors
    07:59

    Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors

    Published on: December 6, 2018

  • ベンシック環境は,年間約15 x 10^12グラムの窒素を供給しています.
  • 海洋の窒素固定は,海洋植物プランクトンが必要とする窒素の0.3%未満を供給する.
  • 海洋の窒素循環は,インプットと非窒素化のバランスをとって,安定状態に近づきます.

    • 結論:

    • 窒素の固定は,実質的ではあるが,全体的な海洋窒素経済にわずかな貢献をしている.
    • 窒素固定の限られた貢献は,窒素が植物プランクトンの主要な制限栄養素であるという考えに異議を唱える.
    • 窒素の利用可能性以外の要因は,海洋における植物プランクトンの成長率を制限する可能性が高い.