関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies
08:34

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies

Published on: February 6, 2019

太陽フレア放射線による上層大気中の中性子と陽子の用量

E J Flamm, R E Lingenfelter

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |June 26, 1964
    PubMed
    まとめ

    太陽粒子イベントからの放射線被曝が計算されます. 二次ニュートロンは,30g/cm以下の陽子よりも高い用量を示し,初次陽子は100g/cm以上で優勢である.

    さらに関連する動画

    Neutron Crystallography Data Collection and Processing for Modelling Hydrogen Atoms in Protein Structures10:10

    Neutron Crystallography Data Collection and Processing for Modelling Hydrogen Atoms in Protein Structures

    Published on: December 1, 2020

    High-Resolution Neutron Spectroscopy to Study Picosecond-Nanosecond Dynamics of Proteins and Hydration Water08:48

    High-Resolution Neutron Spectroscopy to Study Picosecond-Nanosecond Dynamics of Proteins and Hydration Water

    Published on: April 28, 2022

    関連する概念動画

    Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

    Biological Effects of Radiation

    All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they produce ions...
    Types of Radioactivity03:23

    Types of Radioactivity

    The most common types of radioactivity are α decay, β decay, γ decay, neutron emission, and electron capture.
    Alpha (α) decay is the emission of an α particle from the nucleus. For example, polonium-210 undergoes α decay:
    Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving01:09

    Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving

    The radiation pressure applied by an electromagnetic wave on a perfectly absorbing surface equals the energy density of the wave. The wave's momentum also gets transferred to the surface when an electromagnetic wave is entirely absorbed by it. The rate at which momentum is transmitted to an absorbing surface perpendicular to the propagation direction equals the force on the surface.
    The average value of the rate of momentum transfer divided by the absorbing area represents the average force per...
    Nuclear Transmutation03:20

    Nuclear Transmutation

    Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed protons being...
    Absorption of Radiation01:05

    Absorption of Radiation

    The rate of heat transfer by emitted radiation is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation:
    Nuclear Stability03:18

    Nuclear Stability

    Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
    To hold positively charged protons together in the...