塩素酸塩酸塩の塩化水素と水との反応は,南極の平流圏の温度で起こります
まとめ
実験室での実験では,塩素窒素が極地平流層の雲の表面に素早く反応し,オゾン層を蝕むガスを生成することを明らかにした. これらの反応はまた,南極上のオゾン破壊をさらに加速させる可能性がある窒素酸を形成します.
科学分野:
- 大気化学 大気化学
- ストラトスフィアの科学
- オゾン層の劣化に関する研究
背景:
- 極地平流層雲 (PSC) は,南極のオゾン層の減少に重要な役割を果たしています.
- PSCの表面における異質な反応は,安定した塩素化合物の活性化を促進します.
- これらの反応を理解することは,オゾン層の回復を予測するために極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 模擬PSC表面で,塩素酸塩 (ClONO(2) を含む主要な異質反応の運動学と産物を調査する.
- これらの反応における氷,窒素酸 (HNO3) 氷,硫酸表面の役割を決定する.
- これらの反応が南極のオゾン層の減少に与える潜在的貢献を評価する.
主な方法:
- 南極の平流圏の条件をシミュレートする実験室での実験.
- 塩素酸塩 (ClONO(2) と水 (H(2) O) または塩化水素 (HCl) の間の反応の研究.
- PSCを模倣した表面で実施された反応:氷,HNO3氷,および硫酸.
主要な成果:
- ClONO(2) は氷とHNO(3) 氷の表面に素早く反応し,氷上の粘着係数は0.009 +/- 0.002でした.
- 反応により,ガス相の低塩素酸 (HOCl) と二塩素一酸化物 (Cl2) O,凝縮相のHNO (3) が生成された.
- ClONO (((2) は氷上のHClと反応し,ガス相塩素 (Cl (((2)) と凝縮相HNO (((3) を形成し,HClの消費量はほぼ完全でした.
結論:
- ガス状産物 (HOCl,Cl2O,Cl2O) は光分解して活性塩素を産生し,南極の春にオゾン層の減少を引き起こします.
- 凝縮相HNOの形成は,窒素種を吸収するシンクとして作用し,活性塩素を吸収するのを防ぐ.
- これらの異質な反応は,南極上の触媒的なオゾン破壊サイクルに大きく貢献しています.
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