大気中の一酸化炭素を吸収するシンクとしての土壌
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 19, 1981
まとめ
土壌の微生物は,効率的に一酸化炭素 (CO) を消費し,ミカエリス・メンテン運動の過程に従います. 大気中のCOを自然に土壌に吸収するこの量は,化石燃料からの排出量とほぼ同等である.
科学分野:
- 環境科学 環境科学
- 土壌科学は,土壌科学である.
- 大気化学 大気化学
背景:
- 炭素一酸化物 (CO) は,大気中の重要な汚染物質です.
- 土壌の微生物コミュニティは,大気中のガス循環に役割を果たします.
- COの土壌酸化を理解することは,大気中のCO予算にとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 異なる土壌タイプによる一酸化炭素の酸化速度を定量化するために.
- CO濃度と土壌の酸化速度との関係を調査する.
- 大気中の一酸化炭素の地球規模の土壌吸収量を推定する.
主な方法:
- 酸化率の測定のために20個の土壌サンプルを採取した.
- 温度範囲 (0~30°C) で測定されたCO酸化率.
- CO酸化データを分析するためにマイケリス-メンテン運動を適用した.
主要な成果:
- 土壌のCO酸化率は,ガス相CO濃度が高くなるにつれて増加した.
- 酸化率は,試験された土壌と温度でマイケリス・メンテン運動に従った.
- 年間4.1×10^14gの地球規模の土壌吸収率を計算した.
結論:
- 土壌は大気中の一酸化炭素を大幅に吸収するシンクとして機能する.
- 地球全体で土壌に吸収されるCOは,化石燃料の年間CO排出量に匹敵する.
- これは,大気中のCOレベルを調節する土壌生態系の重要性を強調しています.
関連する概念動画
01:14The Carbon Cycle
Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
01:22The Sulfur Cycle
Sulfur, an important element in the chemical makeup of proteins, is recycled through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial environments. Found in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur is released by decaying organisms, weathered rocks, geothermal vents, volcanos, and burning fossil fuels. It is deposited into the ecosystem, cycled through the biotic community, and either released back into the atmosphere as gas or deposited in marine sediment for long-term storage and eventual...
02:23The Soil Ecosystem
Plants obtain inorganic minerals and water from the soil, which acts as a natural medium for land plants. The composition and quality of soil depend not only on the chemical constituents but also on the presence of living organisms. In general, soils contain three major components:
01:24Microbes and the Carbon Cycle
The carbon cycle is a fundamental Earth process involving the transfer of carbon among the biosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere. It plays a critical role in regulating the planet’s climate and supporting life by cycling carbon through various chemical forms and reservoirs. Carbon primarily circulates as carbon dioxide (CO₂), representing its oxidized form, while reduced forms such as methane (CH₄) and organic compounds also play essential roles.Microbial activity is central to...
01:29Soil Microbial Ecology
Soil microbial ecology is defined by highly diverse, spatially structured communities that drive nutrient cycling, organic matter turnover, and overall ecosystem stability. Although a gram of soil can contain thousands of bacterial and archaeal taxa, the ecological processes they mediate are even more crucial for sustaining terrestrial life.Microhabitats and NichesSoil is a heterogeneous mixture of minerals, organic matter, water, and air. Microbes inhabit distinct microhabitats formed by...
01:27Microbes and Climate Change
Microorganisms are pivotal agents in Earth's biogeochemical cycles, significantly influencing climate dynamics through their metabolic activities. These microbes modulate the levels of key greenhouse gases by both contributing to and helping mitigate climate change.Microbial Contributions to Greenhouse Gas EmissionsRising global temperatures accelerate microbial metabolism, which, in turn, speeds up the decomposition of organic matter. This process releases carbon dioxide (CO₂) through...