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関連する概念動画

From DNA to Protein03:06

From DNA to Protein

The flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the central dogma, which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of amino acids making up all proteins. The decoding of one molecule to another is performed by specific proteins and RNAs. Because the information stored in DNA is so central to cellular function, it makes intuitive sense that the cell would make mRNA copies of this information for protein synthesis...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
tRNA Activation02:26

tRNA Activation

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present in both eukaryotes and bacteria. Though eukaryotes have 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to couple to 20 amino acids, many bacteria do not have genes for all of these aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Despite this, they still use all 20 amino acids to synthesize their proteins. For instance, some bacteria do not have the gene encoding the enzyme that couples glutamine with its partner tRNA. In these organisms, one enzyme adds glutamic acid to all of the...
tRNA Activation02:26

tRNA Activation

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present in both eukaryotes and bacteria. Though eukaryotes have 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to couple to 20 amino acids, many bacteria do not have genes for all of these aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Despite this, they still use all 20 amino acids to synthesize their proteins. For instance, some bacteria do not have the gene encoding the enzyme that couples glutamine with its partner tRNA. In these organisms, one enzyme adds glutamic acid to all of the...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Identifying Mutations by High Resolution Melting in a TILLING Population of Rice
06:10

Identifying Mutations by High Resolution Melting in a TILLING Population of Rice

Published on: September 2, 2019

単一の遺伝子単位は,トウモロコシの要素アクティベーターの2つのトランスポーゼーション機能を指定します.

H Dooner, J English, E Ralston

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |October 10, 1986
    PubMed
    まとめ

    トウモロコシのアクティベーター (Ac) トランスポーザブル要素は,2つの遺伝的機能を通じて自身のトランスポーズを誘導し,抑制します. この2つの機能は,単一の遺伝子ユニットから発生し,完全な活動のために,オープン・リーディング・フレーム1と2を必要とします.

    科学分野:

    • 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
    • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
    • 植物科学 植物科学について

    背景:

    • トウモロコシの移植可能な要素 アクティベーター (Ac) と ディソシエーション (Ds) は,移動性遺伝子配列である.
    • Acは,Dsの転移を誘導し,投与量を増やして転移を阻害する二重の機能を発揮する.
    • 以前の研究では,Ac要素内の3つのオープン・リーディングフレーム (ORF) が特定されました.

    研究 の 目的:

    • Acの二重機能 (転置誘導と投与量依存的阻害) の遺伝的基礎を調査する.
    • これらの機能を媒介するAc要素内の特定のORFの役割を決定する.
    • 異なるDs.要素の間の遺伝的補完性を理解する.

    主な方法:

    • AcおよびDs元素の誘導体 (wx-m9(Dsとbz-m2(DI)) を特定の削除で分析する.
    • 転置回復を評価するための遺伝的補完測定法.
    • AcのORF内の削除位置の特徴付け.

    主要な成果:

    • wx-m9(Ds) のORF 1での削除により,トランスポーゼーションが廃止されました.
    • 主にORF 2で bz-m2 ((DI) を削除した結果,欠陥のある Ds 要素も発生した.

    さらに関連する動画

    Discrimintion and Mapping of the Primary and Processed Transcripts in Maize Mitochondrion Using a Circular RT-PCR-based Strategy
    07:26

    Discrimintion and Mapping of the Primary and Processed Transcripts in Maize Mitochondrion Using a Circular RT-PCR-based Strategy

    Published on: July 29, 2019

    Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes
    10:28

    Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes

    Published on: February 14, 2020

    関連する実験動画

    Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

    Identifying Mutations by High Resolution Melting in a TILLING Population of Rice
    06:10

    Identifying Mutations by High Resolution Melting in a TILLING Population of Rice

    Published on: September 2, 2019

    Discrimintion and Mapping of the Primary and Processed Transcripts in Maize Mitochondrion Using a Circular RT-PCR-based Strategy
    07:26

    Discrimintion and Mapping of the Primary and Processed Transcripts in Maize Mitochondrion Using a Circular RT-PCR-based Strategy

    Published on: July 29, 2019

    Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes
    10:28

    Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes

    Published on: February 14, 2020

  • wx-m9 ((Ds) と bz-m2 ((DI) は Acの転移機能を回復するために遺伝的に補完しなかった.
  • bz-m2(DI) は,Acの阻害的な用量効果に寄与しなかった.

    • 結論:

    • ORF1とORF2は,ACの転置誘導機能のためにともに必要である.
    • Acによる転置の誘導と阻害は,同じ遺伝的機能単位から生じる.
    • この研究は,Acの転置可能な元素の調節の分子基礎を明らかにしています.