キラウエア火山からの空気中粒子のイリジウム濃縮: 1983年1月
まとめ
キラウエア火山からの火山噴出は,以前このような噴火で見られなかった元素であるイリジウムの高い濃度を含んでいた. これは,キラウエアを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 地質化学 地質化学
- 火山学 火山学とは
- 大気科学 大気科学
背景:
- マウナ・ロア天文台での空気中粒子のサンプリングは,世界の粒子の循環を監視しています.
- キラウエア火山の1983年1月の噴火は,火山の排出を分析する機会を提供しました.
研究 の 目的:
- キラウエア噴火による空気中の粒子状物質の元素組成を分析するために.
- 火山噴出における異常な元素の濃縮,特にイリジウムの濃縮を調査する.
主な方法:
- マウナ・ロア天文台の空気フィルターで空気中の微粒子を収集する.
- 集められたフィルターサンプルを元素分析して,様々な元素の濃度を測定する.
主要な成果:
- サンプルは,セレニウム,ヒ素,インジウム,金,硫黄の予想される高濃度を示した.
- イリジウムの濃度が驚くほど高く,イリジウムとアルミニウムの比率はハワイの玄武岩の1万7千倍以上であった.
- イリジウム濃縮は,火山ガスの高フッ素含有量と相関していた.
結論:
- キラウエア噴火のイリジウム濃縮は,マントルマグマによって潜在的に供給されている異常な火山系を示唆しています.
- この発見は,イリジウムがフッ素に関連したイリジウムヘクサフッ化物 (IrF6) などの揮発性化合物として放出される可能性があることを示しています.
- この研究は,火山噴出における新しい地球化学的過程の発見の可能性を強調しています.
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