大気中の二酸化炭素,南方振動,そして1975年の弱々しいエルニーニョ
まとめ
大気中の二酸化炭素レベルは,南方振動指数とエルニーニョ現象と相関しています. 弱いエルニーニョ現象でさえ,世界の二酸化炭素濃度に影響を与え,気候パターンに影響を与える可能性があります.
科学分野:
- 大気科学 大気科学
- 気候科学 気候科学
- 海洋学 海洋学 海洋学
背景:
- 大気中の二酸化炭素 (CO2) は,地球気候に影響を与える重要な温室効果ガスである.
- エルニーニョ・サザン振動 (ENSO) は,世界の天候に影響を与える主要な気候パターンです.
- 二酸化炭素濃度に影響を与える要因を理解することは,気候モデリングにとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 大気中のCO2濃度とENSOイベントの関係を調査する.
- ENSOが弱体イベントを含めて,世界の様々な場所のCO2レベルに影響を与えているかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 大気中のCO2濃度のモニタリングは,南極,ファニング島,ハワイ,海洋気象ステーションPの4つの異なる地球上の場所で行われています.
- 南方振動指数 (SOI) との相関関係に関するCO2データを分析し,エルニーニョの発生を文書化しました.
主要な成果:
- 大気中のCO2濃度の変化率とSOIの間の有意な相関が観察されました.
- 4つの監視ステーションのCO2濃度の変化は,エルニーニョ現象と関連していた.
- 1975年の弱々しいエルニーニョ現象でさえ,大気中のCO2レベルに顕著な影響を及ぼした.
結論:
- エルニーニョ・サザン・オシレーションは,地球全体の大気中のCO2濃度に影響を及ぼしていることが実証されています.
- 大気中のCO2レベルは,弱いエルニーニョの時期でさえ,ENSOに敏感です.
- これらの発見は,海洋-大気ダイナミクスと,温室効果ガスの濃度への影響の相互関連性を強調しています.
さらに関連する動画
09:38Single-throughput Complementary High-resolution Analytical Techniques for Characterizing Complex Natural Organic Matter Mixtures
Published on: January 7, 2019
07:32Monitoring Pedogenic Inorganic Carbon Accumulation Due to Weathering of Amended Silicate Minerals in Agricultural Soils.
Published on: June 4, 2021
関連する概念動画
The Carbon Cycle
Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
Global Climate Change
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
Variation of Atmospheric Pressure
Change in atmospheric pressure with height is particularly interesting. The decrease in atmospheric pressure with increasing altitude is due to the decreasing gravitational force per unit area as we move away from the surface of the earth.
Assuming the air temperature is constant at a given altitude and that the ideal gas law of thermodynamics describes the atmosphere to a good approximation, one can find the variation of atmospheric pressure with height.
Let p(y) be the atmospheric pressure at...
Assuming the air temperature is constant at a given altitude and that the ideal gas law of thermodynamics describes the atmosphere to a good approximation, one can find the variation of atmospheric pressure with height.
Let p(y) be the atmospheric pressure at...
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling
The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
The Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen atoms, present in all proteins and DNA, are recycled between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem. However, the primary form of nitrogen on Earth is nitrogen gas, which cannot be used by most animals and plants. Thus, nitrogen gas must first be converted into a usable form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria before it can be cycled through other living organisms. The use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and animal waste products in human agriculture has greatly influenced the...
Forced Oscillations
When an oscillator is forced with a periodic driving force, the motion may seem chaotic. The motions of such oscillators are known as transients. After the transients die out, the oscillator reaches a steady state, where the motion is periodic, and the displacement is determined.
