噴火によって引き起こされた雪崩,洪水,そしてサンヘレンズ山のラハール - 冬の雪の積もりの影響
まとめ
セントヘレンス山は1982年に爆発的に噴火し,大規模な雪崩を引き起こしました. この相互作用により雪が溶け,壊滅的な洪水とラハールが発生し,トートル川に影響を与えました.
科学分野:
- 火山学 火山学とは
- 氷河学 氷河学とは
- 自然の危険性 自然の危険性
背景:
- 火山噴火は積雪と相互作用し,二次的な危険を引き起こす可能性があります.
- 1982年のセントヘレンズ山噴火は,雪と火山の相互作用に関するケーススタディを提供します.
研究 の 目的:
- 1982年のセントヘレンズ山噴火時の厚い雪の上に発生した熱い噴火産物の影響を分析するために.
- 溶けた雪によって引き起こされる火山の洪水とラハルの形成と結果を理解する.
主な方法:
- 噴火産物と雪積みの相互作用の観察分析.
- 洪水とラハール形成につながる一連の出来事の再構築.
主要な成果:
- 熱いプムス,ドーム岩,噴火からのガスは,クレーター壁の雪を動かし,雪崩を引き起こしました.
- クレーターの雪が急激に溶け,一時的な湖が形成された.
- 湖が溢れ,破壊的な洪水を引き起こし,ノース・フォーク・トゥトゥルル川 (North Fork Toutle River) の下流でラハールが発生した.
結論:
- 火山の物質と雪の積みの相互作用は,噴火の衝撃を大幅に増幅しました.
- 融雪による洪水やラハールは,雪に覆われた地域における火山の発生に伴う重要な二次的な危険です.
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