まとめ
生物圏は1850年から1950年にかけて,かなりの量の二酸化炭素 (CO2) を放出し,バイオマスを減少させた. 海洋は過剰なCO2の47%を吸収し,53%を空気中に放出しました.
科学分野:
- 環境科学 環境科学
- 気候科学 気候科学
- バイオジオケミストリー バイオジオケミストリー
背景:
- 大気中の二酸化炭素 (CO2) 濃度は,産業革命以来,著しく上昇しています.
- 土地利用の変化は,陸上のバイオマスと炭素循環に影響を及ぼします.
- 海洋からの吸収は,大気中のCO2濃度を調節する重要な要因です.
研究 の 目的:
- 1850年から1950年までの間,生物圏から大気中に排出されたCO2の純排出量を定量化する.
- 土地利用の変化が陸上のバイオマスに与える影響を評価する.
- 化石燃料から派生したCO2の大気と海洋のシンク間の分布を決定する.
主な方法:
- 歴史的データに基づく生物圏からのCO2の純排出量の推定.
- 土地利用の変化による陸上のバイオマス変化の定量化.
- 熱帯および深海地域における海洋CO2吸収の分析.
主要な成果:
- 生物圏から排出されるCO2の純排出量は,1850年から1950年にかけて年間平均1.2×10^9トンの炭素であった.
- 陸上のバイオマスは,土地利用の変化により,この期間に7%減少した.
- 大気中のCO2含有量は1850年以来18%増加し,53%が空気中に残っています.
結論:
- 生物圏は,初期の工業化時代に大気中のCO2の純源でした.
- 海洋のシンク,特に熱線回転は,大気中のCO2上昇を緩和する上で重要な役割を果たしています.
- 人為的なCO2の大部分は大気中に留まり,気候変動に寄与しています.
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