COPDの世界的負担:リスク要因,罹患率,将来の傾向
David M Mannino1, A Sonia Buist
1Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, KY 40536, USA. dmannino@uky.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|September 4, 2007
まとめ
慢性阻害性肺疾患 (COPD) は,喫煙と汚染によって引き起こされる世界的な健康上の懸念が増加しています. 効果的な予防と管理戦略は,この呼吸器疾患の増大する負担に対処するために不可欠です.
科学分野:
- 肺内医学 肺内医学 肺内医学
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
背景:
- 慢性阻害性肺疾患 (COPD) は,世界的な大きな課題であり,広範な罹病率,死亡率,および医療費に寄与しています.
- 主要なリスク要因には,普遍的なタバコ喫煙,屋内/屋外の大気汚染,職業的曝露,感染症などが含まれます.
- 世界の人口の高齢化は,COPDの流行と影響を悪化させると予測されています.
研究 の 目的:
- COPDの世界的な健康への影響を強調するために.
- 様々な危険因子と集団特有の流行率について議論する.
- 効果的な予防と管理戦略の必要性を強調する.
主な方法:
- この概要は,COPDに関する現在の理解と疫学データをまとめています.
- それは,病気の既定および新興の危険因子をレビューします.
- 併発性疾患とCOPDのフェノタイプを認識するうえでの進歩について論じています.
主要な成果:
- COPDの罹患率は,集団によって有意に変化しており,リスク因子の影響が異なることを示している.
- 併発性疾患と異なったCOPD現象型は,ますます重要な要因として認識されています.
- 肺機能以外の要因は,患者の治療結果に大きな影響を与えます.
結論:
- COPDの増大する世界的な負担に対処するには,費用対効果の高い予防と管理戦略を実施する必要があります.
- 人口特有の危険因子に関するさらなる研究と,人材に合わせた介入が不可欠である.
- 併発症や多様な現象型を考慮した統合ケアアプローチは,より良い患者のアウトカムのために必要である.
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