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関連する概念動画

Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed protons being...
Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
Threats to Biodiversity01:50

Threats to Biodiversity

There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
Temperature Dependence on Reaction Rate02:55

Temperature Dependence on Reaction Rate

The Collision Theory
Atoms, molecules, or ions must collide before they can react with each other. Atoms must be close together to form chemical bonds. This premise is the basis for a theory that explains many observations regarding chemical kinetics, including factors affecting reaction rates.
The collision theory is based on the postulates that (i) the reaction rate is proportional to the rate of reactant collisions, (ii) the reacting species collide in an orientation allowing contact between...
Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together in the...
Nuclear Fusion02:45

Nuclear Fusion

The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt
07:58

Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt

Published on: August 7, 2017

世界的に四次爆発性火山の発生が増加しています.

J P Kennett, R C Thunell

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |February 14, 1975
    PubMed
    まとめ

    深海のコアで見つかった火山灰は,爆発的な火山活動が過去200万年に大幅に増加したことを明らかにしています. この火山活動の急増は,ケノゾーイク時代の主要な気候変動イベントと相関しています.

    科学分野:

    • 地質学 地質学 地質学
    • 古代気候学 (paleoclimatology) とは,古代気候学 (paleoclimatology) とは,古代気候学 (paleoclimatology) とは,古代気候学 (paleoclimatology) とは,古代気候学 (paleoclimatology) とは
    • 火山学 火山学とは

    背景:

    • 海洋堆積物の中の火山灰の層は,過去の爆発的な噴火の世界的な記録を提供します.
    • ディープシー・ドリリング・プロジェクト (DSDP) は,何百万年にも及ぶ広範な深海コアサンプルを収集しました.

    研究 の 目的:

    • 過去2000万年における火山灰の世界分布を決定する.
    • 爆発的な火山の発生率の時間的なパターンを特定し,気候変動との相関を明らかにする.

    主な方法:

    • 深海掘削プロジェクトで掘削された320の深海沈殿部分の分析.
    • これらのコア内の火山灰層の分布をマッピングする.

    主要な成果:

    • 火山灰の分布は,過去200万年の間に爆発的な火山活動が大幅に増加したことを示しています.
    • この火山活動が活発になった時期は,四季期の大きな変動の気候変化と相関しています.
    • また,ミオセンの中期における火山発生と,海洋諸島における火山活動の増加との潜在的相関も観察された.

    さらに関連する動画

    Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases
    08:14

    Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases

    Published on: October 25, 2019

    Research and Development of High-performance Explosives
    10:33

    Research and Development of High-performance Explosives

    Published on: February 20, 2016

    関連する実験動画

    Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

    Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt
    07:58

    Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt

    Published on: August 7, 2017

    Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases
    08:14

    Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases

    Published on: October 25, 2019

    Research and Development of High-performance Explosives
    10:33

    Research and Development of High-performance Explosives

    Published on: February 20, 2016

    結論:

    • 過去200万年は,島弧とホットスポットの両方からの爆発的な火山活動の割合がかなり高くなりました.
    • 増加した四次期の火山活動は,ケノゾイク期の大規模な気候変化と関連しており,火山活動と気候の潜在的相互作用を示唆しています.