まとめ
1978年のアモコ・カディズ石油流出事故は,多くの石油が水柱,堆積物,潮間地帯に流入し,大幅に分散した. 高濃度の炭化水素濃度が,油が多く流れている河口や沼地で3年後も続いている.
科学分野:
- マリン・バイオロジー マリン・バイオロジー
- 環境科学 環境科学
- 海洋学 海洋学とは
背景:
- 1978年3月のアモコ・カディスの石油流出事故は,22万3千トンの原油を放出した悲惨な出来事でした.
- これは史上最大の,最も広範に研究されたタンカー流出事故であり,石油の運命と影響に関する重要なデータを提供しています.
研究 の 目的:
- アモコ・カディズ流出事故の石油の分布と運命を定量化するために.
- 石油流出が海洋生態系に及ぼす短期的および中期的な環境影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 流出した石油の物理的,化学的分散を追跡する.
- 様々な環境コンパートメント (水柱,堆積物,潮間帯) での炭化水素濃度の監視.
- 海中の石油の微生物学的分解速度を評価する.
主要な成果:
- 石油の総量のうち,かなりの部分は水柱 (13.5%) に吸収され,潮の下の堆積物 (8%) に堆積され,潮間地帯 (28%) に洗い流された.
- 蒸発による損失は相当 (30%) であり,約1万トンは海で微生物学的退化を経験した.
- 流出から3年後,急性影響は減ったものの,影響を受けた河口や沼地では炭化水素濃度が上昇し続けていた.
結論:
- アモコ・カディスの石油流出事故は,繊細な沿岸環境で長期間存在した複雑な石油分散パターンを示した.
- 河口や沼地は,大規模な石油流出による持続的な炭化水素汚染に特に脆弱である.
- 石油の運命を理解することは,効果的な環境修復と管理戦略に不可欠です.
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