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関連する概念動画

Geoid and Ellipsoid01:28

Geoid and Ellipsoid

The Earth's shape is best described as an ellipsoid, a slightly flattened sphere created by rotating an ellipse around its minor axis. This flattening results in the polar axis being about 21 kilometers shorter than the equatorial axis. In contrast, the geoid represents the Earth's gravitational shape and aligns with the mean sea level (MSL). The geoid is an irregular equipotential surface where gravity is perpendicular at every point. Variations in Earth's mass distribution cause geoid...
Eccentricity of an Ellipse01:27

Eccentricity of an Ellipse

An ellipse is a fundamental conic section defined by the constant sum of distances from any point on its curve to two fixed points, known as the foci. This geometric property can be physically demonstrated using a pencil, string, and two pins. By anchoring the string at both ends and maintaining it taut with a pencil, one can trace the outline of an ellipse.The shape and extent of the ellipse are determined by its eccentricity, e, defined as the ratio of the distance between the center and a...
Latitudes and Departures01:27

Latitudes and Departures

Latitudes and departures are essential concepts in surveying, providing a systematic way to analyze the projections of traverse lines. These projections allow surveyors to interpret a line's north-south and east-west components, which are crucial for precisely calculating areas, bearings, and lengths. Latitude is the north-south projection of a line, calculated as the product of the line's length and the cosine of its bearing. Departure, conversely, is the east-west projection obtained by...
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During leveling, the Earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction introduce deviations in the line of sight from a true horizontal reference. When the line of sight is leveled, it remains perpendicular to the plumb line only at a single point. Beyond this, it deviates due to the Earth’s curvature, represented by the correction C. For a sight distance D, the deviation can be derived using the relationship:This relationship shows that the deviation increases quadratically with distance. Over a...
Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments01:30

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over short distances...
Kepler's First Law of Planetary Motion01:10

Kepler's First Law of Planetary Motion

In the early 17th century, German astronomer and mathematician Johannes Kepler postulated three laws for the motion of planets in the solar system. He formulated his first two laws based on the observations of his forebears, Nikolaus Copernicus and Tycho Brahe.
Polish astronomer Nikolaus Copernicus put forth a theory that stated a heliocentric model for the solar system. According to this heliocentric theory, all the planets, including Earth, orbit the Sun in circular orbits.
On the other hand,...

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高い日食緯度における塵の測定

M Baguhl, D P Hamilton, E Grün

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |May 19, 1995
    PubMed
    まとめ

    ウリュッセ宇宙船のデータは,星間塵の衝突と,高い南緯度における小粒子の追加の流れを明らかにした. これらの小さな粒子は,太陽系内側から放出されたベータ隕石かもしれません.

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    Measurement of Aerosols Optical Thickness of the Atmosphere using the GLOBE Handheld Sun Photometer
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    科学分野:

    • * 太陽系探査について
    • * 宇宙塵の研究
    • * 星間メディア

    背景:

    • *ウリュッセ宇宙船は,木星から日食の南極までの領域を横断しました.
    • * 塵の構成と起源を理解することは,太陽系と恒星間介質の研究にとって極めて重要です.

    研究 の 目的:

    • * ユリセス宇宙船によって収集された塵衝突データを分析するために.
    • *検出された塵粒子の起源と特徴を特定する.
    • * 高い南緯度で観測された異常な塵の流れの性質を調査するために.

    主な方法:

    • *Ulysses宇宙船の搭載された塵探知器のデータを活用した.
    • *分析された塵の衝突率と方向情報.
    • *宇宙船の軌跡と太陽系現象と相関する塵の流れの変動.

    主要な成果:

    • * 塵の衝突速度の緩やかな変化 (0.2〜0.5回の衝突/日) が測定されました.
    • *星間方向 (100°日食緯度,280°日食経緯度) から発生する主要な塵流成分が特定されました.
    • * -45°緯度以南の小さな粒子の追加の流れが観測され,星間塵や星座塵とは異なる.

    結論:

    • *検出された主な塵の成分は,星間起源である.
    • * 小粒子の追加流はベータ隕石を代表する可能性がある.
    • *ベータ隕石は,太陽放射線圧力と電磁力によって加速する可能性があります.