関連する実験動画
Updated: Jul 12, 2026
05:01
Evaluating Skilled Prehension in Mice Using an Auto-Trainer
Published on: September 12, 2019
過去の経験の関数として,オートシェーピングによるキーピッキングの習得: "学習された怠惰"?
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 1, 1972
まとめ
以前,タスクを遂行することなく餌を与えられた鳩は,よりゆっくりと学習しました. しかし,トレードル・プレス・タスクで訓練された鳩は,キーピッキングを最も早く学習し,事前のトレーニングが学習速度に影響することを示しました.
科学分野:
- 行動科学は,行動科学である.
- 動物の行動 動物の行動
- オペラント・コンディショニング
背景:
- 食事の提供が先行すると,その後の学習に影響を及ぼします.
- オートシェーピングとオペラント・コンディショニングは,重要な学習パラダイムである.
- 学習に対するプレエクスポージャーの影響を調査することは極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- ノンコンティンゲント・フード・デリバリーがキー・ピーク・レスポンスの獲得にどのように影響するかを調べる.
- 異なる初期訓練段階間の学習率を比較する.
- オペラント学習における以前の経験の影響を理解する.
主な方法:
- 3組の鳩が使用されました.
- 1グループは,非条件の食品配送を受けた.
- もう1つのグループは,オペラント・トレードル・プレス・トレーニングを受けた.
- 素朴な対照群は,初期訓練を受けなかった.
主要な成果:
- 以前の非コンティンゲントの食物曝露を受けた鳩は,キー・ペック獲得が遅かったことを示した.
- 最初,トレードル・プレス・レスポンスで訓練された鳩は,キー・ペック・レスポンスを最も迅速に獲得しました.
- これらの発見は,学習に対する予備訓練の差異的な効果を強調しています.
結論:
- ノンコンティンゲント強化は,後のオペラント学習を妨げることができます.
- 初期トレーニングの性質は,新しい応答を学習する速度に大きな影響を与えます.
- これらの影響を理解することは,効果的なトレーニングプロトコルを作成するために不可欠です.
関連する概念動画
01:19Role of Shaping in Operant Conditioning
Shaping is a technique used in operant conditioning to train complex behaviors by rewarding successive approximations toward the target behavior. This method is necessary because organisms are unlikely to perform complex behaviors spontaneously. Instead, shaping breaks down the desired behavior into small, manageable steps.
The steps involved in shaping begin with reinforcing any response that resembles the desired behavior. For example, parents might praise a child for picking up one toy. As...
The steps involved in shaping begin with reinforcing any response that resembles the desired behavior. For example, parents might praise a child for picking up one toy. As...
01:06Law of Effect
B.F. Skinner, a prominent figure in behavioral psychology, introduced operant conditioning by emphasizing the role of consequences in shaping behavior. This theory builds upon the law of effect proposed by Edward Thorndike, which posits that behaviors followed by satisfying outcomes are likely to be repeated. In contrast, those followed by unsatisfying outcomes are less likely to recur.
Edward Thorndike's foundational work involved studying learning in animals, particularly using puzzle boxes...
Edward Thorndike's foundational work involved studying learning in animals, particularly using puzzle boxes...
01:28Behaviorism
The field of behaviorism was pioneered by figures such as Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner fundamentally shifted the focus of psychology to the observable and controllable aspects of human and animal behavior. This shift marked a critical evolution in the discipline, emphasizing scientific rigor and experimental methodology.
The core premise of behaviorism is its focus on observable behavior rather than internal thoughts or feelings. This approach argues that true scientific...
The core premise of behaviorism is its focus on observable behavior rather than internal thoughts or feelings. This approach argues that true scientific...
01:22Purposive Learning
E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a bonus...
01:05Instinctive Drift
Instinctive drift refers to the tendency of animals to revert to their innate behaviors despite repeated reinforcement. Breland and Breland demonstrated this concept in an experiment with a raccoon. The raccoon was trained to pick up two coins and place them in a container in exchange for food. Initially, the raccoon learned to associate the coins with food, making them a conditioned stimulus or a substitute for food. However, over time, the raccoon became less willing to put the coins into the...
01:21Cognitive Learning
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...