まとめ
バザーズ・ベイで流出した2号燃料油は,2年間持続し,主に微生物アルカンの利用によってゆっくりと劣化しました. これは,燃料油と原油の炭化水素の重要な環境持続性を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 環境科学 環境科学
- 地質化学 地質化学
- 微生物学 微生物学とは
背景:
- 1969年,マサチューセッツ州バザーズ・ベイで600トンの燃料油が流出しました.
- 燃料油の炭化水素が沼地や沖合の堆積物の中に持続することは,流出から2年後に観察された.
研究 の 目的:
- 海洋環境における燃料油炭化水素の持続と分解の経路を調査する.
- 燃料油漏れ2号の長期的な環境影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 沼地や沖合の堆積物における炭化水素組成の分析.
- 微生物の利用と溶解を含む分解プロセスの評価.
- 保存された炭化水素プロフィールと原油の特性との比較.
主要な成果:
- 燃料油の炭化水素は,流出から2年後も堆積物の中で検出可能でした.
- 降解は,特に堆積物表面以下では,ゆっくりと進み,主にアルケンの微生物分解と芳香化合物の溶解が関与しました.
- 元の沸騰範囲と同類炭化水素 (例えばフィタン,プリスターン) の相対的豊富さはよく保存され,ゆっくりと分解することを示しています.
結論:
- 2号燃料油からの炭化水素は,相当な環境持続性を示しています.
- この発見は,炭化水素の既知の地化学的安定性を裏付けている.
- 燃料油の持続性は,原油とその製品が長期的な環境リスクをもたらすことを示唆しています.
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